Coatomer

Coatomers (COPI) are a set of vesicles' coating proteins ^[1]. Coatomers contain several subunits which are named according to decreasing molecular weight as alpha, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta-1.

Function

COPI function in the sorting and trafficking of proteins between sub cellular organelles ^[2]. COP1 induces membrane curvature during budding^[3]. Dilysine motifs on transmembrane proteins are recognised by COPI alpha and beta' subunits and packaged into COPI-coated vesicles for transport from Golgi to ER^[4].

Disease

Mutations in COPI can result in osteoporosis, fractures and developmental delays. Deficiency in COPI alpha subunit cause COPA syndrome^[5].

Relevance

Structural highlights

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Coatomer 3D structures

Coatomer 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Paperna I. Copepod infections in fish in euryhaline environments. Wiad Parazytol. 1977;23(1-3):183-8 PMID:898986
2. ↑ Marom R, Burrage LC, Venditti R, Clément A, Blanco-Sánchez B, Jain M, Scott DA, Rosenfeld JA, Sutton VR, Shinawi M, Mirzaa G, DeVile C, Roberts R, Calder AD, Allgrove J, Grafe I, Lanza DG, Li X, Joeng KS, Lee YC, Song IW, Sliepka JM, Batkovskyte D, Washington M, Dawson BC, Jin Z, Jiang MM, Chen S, Chen Y, Tran AA, Emrick LT, Murdock DR, Hanchard NA, Zapata GE, Mehta NR, Weis MA, Scott AA, Tremp BA, Phillips JB, Wegner J, Taylor-Miller T, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Jhangiani SN, Hicks J, Stottmann RW, Dickinson ME, Seavitt JR, Heaney JD, Eyre DR, Westerfield M, De Matteis MA, Lee B. COPB2 loss of function causes a coatopathy with osteoporosis and developmental delay. Am J Hum Genet. 2021 Sep 2;108(9):1710-1724. PMID:34450031 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.08.002
3. ↑ Beck R, Prinz S, Diestelkötter-Bachert P, Röhling S, Adolf F, Hoehner K, Welsch S, Ronchi P, Brügger B, Briggs JA, Wieland F. Coatomer and dimeric ADP ribosylation factor 1 promote distinct steps in membrane scission. J Cell Biol. 2011 Sep 5;194(5):765-77. PMID:21893600 doi:10.1083/jcb.201011027
4. ↑ Ma W, Goldberg J. Rules for the recognition of dilysine retrieval motifs by coatomer. EMBO J. 2013 Mar 12. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2013.41. PMID:23481256 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2013.41
5. ↑ Vaishnav RN, Vossoughi J. Residual stress and strain in aortic segments. J Biomech. 1987;20(3):235-9. PMID:3584149 doi:10.1016/0021-9290(87)90290-9