Defensin

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== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].
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'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]]. '''Alpha-, beta- and theta-defensins''' are classified according to their invariant Cys-Cys spacings and the topology of the disulphide bridges.
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*'''alpha defensins''' are antibiotic peptides produced in the Paneth cells of the small intestines defending against pathogens<ref>PMID:24246978</ref>.
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*'''theta defensins''' are cyclic antibiotic peptides <ref>PMID:15544531</ref>.
== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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DEF contains <scene name='50/509378/Cv/2'>6-8 conserved cysteine residues</scene>.
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DEF contains <scene name='50/509378/Cv/5'>6-8 conserved cysteine residues</scene>.
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</StructureSection>
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==3D structures of defensin==
==3D structures of defensin==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[Defensin 3D structures]]
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*α-defensin
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</StructureSection>
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**[[1ica]] – DEFA – ''Protophormia terraenovae''<BR />
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**[[1ews]] – DEFA RK-1 – rabbit – NMR<BR />
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**[[2k1i]] - RmDEFA – Rhesus macaque - NMR<BR />
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**[[1zmh]], [[1zmi]], [[1zmk]] - hDEFA HNP-2 (mutant) – human<BR />
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**[[3gny]], [[3go0]], [[3hj2]] - hDEFA HNP-1<BR />
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**[[2kht]] - hDEFA HNP-1 - NMR<BR />
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**[[2pm1]], [[2pm4]], [[2pm5]], [[3hjd]], [[3h6c]], [[3lo1]], [[3lo2]], [[3lo4]], [[3lo6]], [[3lo8]], [[3loe]], [[3lvx]], [[4du0]], [[4lb1]], [[4lb7]], [[4lbb]], [[4lbf]] - hDEFA HNP-1 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1zmm]] – hDEFA4 <BR />
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**[[2lew]] – mDEFA4 (mutant) – mouse – NMR<br />
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**[[2ley]] – mDEFA4 – NMR<br />
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**[[1zmp]] – hDEFA5<BR />
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**[[2lxz]] – hDEFA5 – NMR<br />
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**[[3i5w]], [[4e82]], [[4e83]], [[4e86]] – hDEFA5 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1zmq]] – hDEFA6<BR />
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**[[3qte]] – hDEFA6 (mutant)
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*β-defensin
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**[[1iju]], [[1ijv]] – hDEFB1<BR />
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**[[2nlb]], [[2nld]], [[2nle]], [[2nlf]], [[2nlg]], [[2nlh]], [[2nlp]], [[2nlq]], [[2nls]], [[2plz]], [[2lwl]], [[2nlc]] - hDEFB1 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1e4s]], [[1kj5]] – hDEFB1 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1fd3]], [[1fd4]] – hDEFB2 <BR />
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**[[1fqq]], [[1e4q]] - hDEFB2 – NMR<BR />
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**[[2lg5]] - cDEFB2 – chicken – NMR<BR />
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**[[2lg6]] - cDEFB2 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
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**[[1kj6]] – hDEFB3 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1e4t]] – mDEFB7 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1e4r]] - mDEFB8 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1bnb]] – DEFB12 – bovine – NMR<BR />
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*ϑ-defensin
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**[[1hvz]] – RmDEF1 – NMR<BR />
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*Other defensins
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**[[1dfn]] – hDEF HNP-3 <BR />
 
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**[[3lo9]] – hDEF1 (mutant)<br />
 
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**[[5cui]], [[5cuj]], [[5cum]] – hDEF5 (mutant)<br />
 
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**[[2mit]] – hDEF5 – NMR<br />
 
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**[[4rbw]], [[4rbx]] – hDEF5 (mutant) – NMR<br />
 
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**[[1fjn]] – DEF MGD-1 – Mediterranean mussel<BR />
 
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**[[1mr4]] – tDEF NAD1 – tobacco – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[4aaz]], [[4ab0]] - tDEF NAD1<BR />
 
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**[[4cqk]] - tDEF NAD1 + ligand<br />
 
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**[[1ozz]] – AdDEF ARD1 – ''Archaeoprepona demophon'' – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[1p00]], [[1p0a]] - AdDEF ARD1 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[1ti5]] - VrDEF – ''Vigna radiata'' – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2gl1]] – VrDEF2<BR />
 
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**[[2b68]] - DEF – Pacific oyster – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2b5b]] - DEF – Loggerhead turtle – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2e3e]], [[2e3f]], [[2e3g]], [[2ny8]], [[2ny9]], [[2nz3]] - DEF (mutant) – Anopheles – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2rng]] - DEF – Horseshoe crab – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[3psm]] – DEF – Potato bean<BR />
 
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**[[2ksk]] – DEF5 – Sugarcane - NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2lj7]] – DEF – lentil – NMR<br />
 
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**[[2lr3]] – DEF – barrel medic – NMR<br />
 
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}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry 2pm4)

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References

  1. ↑ White SH, Wimley WC, Selsted ME. Structure, function, and membrane integration of defensins. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1995 Aug;5(4):521-7. PMID:8528769
  2. ↑ Bevins CL. Innate immune functions of α-defensins in the small intestine. Dig Dis. 2013;31(3-4):299-304. PMID:24246978 doi:10.1159/000354681
  3. ↑ Selsted ME. Theta-defensins: cyclic antimicrobial peptides produced by binary ligation of truncated alpha-defensins. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2004 Oct;5(5):365-71. PMID:15544531 doi:10.2174/1389203043379459
  4. ↑ Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, Harwig SS, Daher K, Bainton DF, Lehrer RI. Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1427-35. PMID:2997278 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI112120
  5. ↑ Zhuravel OV, Gerashchenko OL, Khetsuriani MR, Soldatkina MA, Pogrebnoy PV. Expression of human beta-defensins-1-4 in thyroid cancer cells and new insight on biologic activity of hBD-2 in vitro. Exp Oncol. 2014 Sep;36(3):174-8. PMID:25265350

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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