1bwc

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[[Image:1bwc.png|left|200px]]
 
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==STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED with AJOENE INHIBITOR AND SUBVERSIVE SUBSTRATE==
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<StructureSection load='1bwc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1bwc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bwc]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BWC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BWC FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AJ3:3-(PROP-2-ENE-1-SULFINYL)-PROPENE-1-THIOL'>AJ3</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene></td></tr>
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{{STRUCTURE_1bwc| PDB=1bwc | SCENE= }}
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bwc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bwc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1bwc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bwc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bwc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bwc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GSHR_HUMAN GSHR_HUMAN] Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/bw/1bwc_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1bwc ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Ajoene ((E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), a garlic-derived natural compound, is a covalent inhibitor as well as a substrate of human glutathione reductase (GR) and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase (TR). The 2.1-A resolution crystal structure of GR inhibited by (E)-ajoene revealed a mixed disulfide between the active site Cys58 and the CH2=CH-CH2-SO-CH2-CH=CH-S moiety of ajoene. The modified enzyme has a markedly increased oxidase activity when compared to free GR. GR reduces (Z)-ajoene with a kcat/Km of 6.8 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 yielding 4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1, 6,11-triene (deoxyajoene) and 4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,10, 15-tetraene as stable reaction products. The reaction leads also to the formation of single-electron reduced products and concomitantly superoxide anion radicals as shown by coupling the reaction to the reduction of cytochrome c. The interactions between the flavoenzymes and ajoene are expected to increase the oxidative stress of the respective cell. The antiparasitic and cytostatic actions of ajoene may at least in part be due to the multiple effects on key enzymes of the antioxidant thiol metabolism.
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===STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED with AJOENE INHIBITOR AND SUBVERSIVE SUBSTRATE===
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Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studies.,Gallwitz H, Bonse S, Martinez-Cruz A, Schlichting I, Schumacher K, Krauth-Siegel RL J Med Chem. 1999 Feb 11;42(3):364-72. PMID:9986706<ref>PMID:9986706</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1bwc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 9986706 is the PubMed ID number.
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{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_9986706}}
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==About this Structure==
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[[1bwc]] is a 1 chain structure of [[Glutathione Reductase]] with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BWC OCA].
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Glutathione Reductase|Glutathione Reductase]]
*[[Glutathione Reductase|Glutathione Reductase]]
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== References ==
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==Reference==
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<references/>
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<ref group="xtra">PMID:009986706</ref><references group="xtra"/>
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__TOC__
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[[Category: Glutathione-disulfide reductase]]
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Bonse, S.]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Gallwitz, H.]]
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[[Category: Bonse S]]
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[[Category: Krauth-Siegel, R L.]]
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[[Category: Gallwitz H]]
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[[Category: Martinez-Cruz, A.]]
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[[Category: Krauth-Siegel RL]]
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[[Category: Schlichting, I.]]
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[[Category: Martinez-Cruz A]]
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[[Category: Schumacher, K.]]
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[[Category: Schlichting I]]
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[[Category: Flavoenzyme]]
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[[Category: Schumacher K]]
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[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
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[[Category: Redox-active center]]
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Current revision

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED with AJOENE INHIBITOR AND SUBVERSIVE SUBSTRATE

PDB ID 1bwc

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