Galactosidase

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(New page: Crystal Structure of Galactosidase, 3e1f {{STRUCTURE_3e1f| PDB=3e1f | SIZE=300| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Galactosidase, 3e1f }} α-galactosidase...)
Current revision (08:55, 5 January 2025) (edit) (undo)
 
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[[Image:3e1f.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Galactosidase, [[3e1f]]]]
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<StructureSection load='3w5g' size='350' side='right' caption='Glycosylated beta-galactosidase complex with galactose (PDB entry [[3w5g]])' scene=''>
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{{STRUCTURE_3e1f| PDB=3e1f | SIZE=300| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Galactosidase, [[3e1f]] }}
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== Function ==
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α-galactosidase (Agal) hydrolyzes the terminal -galactosyl moiety from glycoproteins and glycolipids. -galactosidase hydrolyzes -galactosides into monosaccharides.
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'''α-Galactosidase''' (Agal) hydrolyzes the terminal α-galactosyl moiety from glycoproteins and glycolipids<ref>PMID:15003450</ref>.
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IPTG induces Bgal activity. PETG is an inhibitor. Galcatose, lactose, ONPG are substrates. Galactopyranosyl is reaction intermediate.
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*'''β-Galactosidase''' (Bgal) hydrolyzes β-galactosides into monosaccharides<ref>PMID:8008071</ref>.
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Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induces Bgal activity. Phenylethyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (PETG) is an inhibitor. Galactose, lactose, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (ONPG) are substrates. Galactopyranosyl is reaction intermediate.<br /> For details on α-galactosidase see [[Garman lab: Interconversion of lysosomal enzyme specificities]].<br />For details on β-galactosidase see [[Molecular Playground/Beta-galactosidase]].
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See also: [[Beta-galactosidase (hebrew)]]
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*'''Endo-1,4-β-galactosidase''' hydrolyzes pectic galactans to produce D-galactose, beta-1,4-D galactobiose, beta-1,4-D galactotriose and beta-1,4-D galactotetraose<ref>PMID:16495677</ref>.
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-galactosidase
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See also [[Lactase (a protein)]]
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3lrk – yAgal 1 (mutant) – yeast
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== Relevance ==
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3lrl, 3lrm – yAgal 1 (mutant) + polysaccharide
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3lx9, 3lxa, 3lxb, 3lxc - hAgal A (mutant) – human
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3hg2, 3gxn, 1r46, 1r47 – hAgal A
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1zy9 – TmAgal – Thermotoga maritima
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3h53 - hAgal B (mutant)
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3a24 – BtAgal – Bacterioides thetaiotamicron
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3a5v – Agal I – Mortierella vinacea
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3mi6 – Agal – Lactobacillus brevis
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1szn – HjAgal – Hypocrea jecorina
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1uas – Agal – rice
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-galactosidase binary complex
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Bgal assay is used in molecular biology to monitor gene expression.
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3h54 - hAgal B (mutant) + polysaccharide
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== Disease ==
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3h55 - hAgal B (mutant) + galactose
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3igu - hAgal B (mutant) + intermediate
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3hg3, 3hg5 - hAgal A (mutant) + galactose
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3gxp - hAgal A + galactose
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3hg4 – hAgal A + intermediate
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3gxt – hAgal A + imino sugar
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1t0o – HjAgal + galactose
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-galactosidase
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The inherited deficiency of Agal is the cause of Fabry disease<ref>PMID:5411915</ref>. Bgal mutations causing enzyme deficiency can lead to ganglioidosis<ref>PMID:10737981</ref>.
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3og2 – TrBgal – Trichoderma reesei
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== Structural highlights ==
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3muy, 3i3e, 3iap, 3iaq, 3dyp, 1px3 – EcBgal (mutant) – Escherichia coli
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1hn1, 1dp0, 1f49, 1f4a, 1f4h, 1gho, 1bgl, 1bgm - EcBgal
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3dec, 3d3a, 3bga – BtBgal
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1yq2 - Bgal (mutant) – Arthrobacter
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1uwi - SsBgal (mutant) - Sulfolobus solfataricus
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1uwq – SsBgal
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1kwk – TtBgal – Thermus thermophilus
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1tg7 – PeBgal – Penicillium
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-galactosidase binary complex
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The <scene name='45/458439/Cv/3'>Zn+2 binding site is composed of 4 Cys residues</scene>. The <scene name='45/458439/Cv/5'>galactose binding site</scene> is seen in a <scene name='45/458439/Cv/6'>large central channel</scene><ref>PMID:12215416</ref>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
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1xc6 - PeBgal + galactose
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For [[3hg2]] <scene name='3hg2/3hg2to3morph/6'>click here to see cycling morph from empty active site to substrate bound form and back</scene>.<br />
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1kwk – TtBgal + galactose
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3ogr – TrBgal + galactose
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3ogs - TrBgal + IPTG
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3ogv – TrBgal + inhibitor
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2ceq, 1uwr, 1uws, 1uwt, 1uwu - SsBgal + inhibitor
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3muz, 3i3d, 3dyo, 1px4, 1jyx - EcBgal (mutant) + IPTG
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3mv0, 3i3b, 3czj, 1jz0, 1jz1, 1jz2, 1jz3, 1jz4, 1jz5, 1jz6 - EcBgal (mutant) + intermediate
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3mv1 - EcBgal (mutant) + guanidinium
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3e1f, 1jz7 - EcBgal (mutant) + galactose
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1jyn, 1jyy, 1jyz, 1jz8 - EcBgal (mutant) + lactose derivative
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1jyn, 1jyw - EcBgal (mutant) + substrate
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1jz6 - EcBgal (mutant) + inhibitor
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Endo-1,4-- galactosidase
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== 3D Structures of Galactosidase ==
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[[Galactosidase 3D structures]]
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2xom, 2xon – TmEbgal carbohydrate-binding domain + -galactotriose
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</StructureSection>
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3,6-anhydro--L-galactosidase
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== References ==
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<references/>
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3p2n – AAgal – Zobellia galactanivorans
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
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<br />
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6-phospho--D-galactosidase
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*Created with the participation of [[User:Wayne Decatur|Wayne Decatur]].
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2pbg, 3pbg, 4pbg, 1pbg – Pgal (mutant) – Lactococcus lacti
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2v4v – gal GH59 – Clostridium cellulolyticum
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Current revision

Glycosylated beta-galactosidase complex with galactose (PDB entry 3w5g)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Garman SC, Garboczi DN. The molecular defect leading to Fabry disease: structure of human alpha-galactosidase. J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 19;337(2):319-35. PMID:15003450 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.01.035
  2. ↑ Jacobson RH, Zhang XJ, DuBose RF, Matthews BW. Three-dimensional structure of beta-galactosidase from E. coli. Nature. 1994 Jun 30;369(6483):761-6. PMID:8008071 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369761a08015589
  3. ↑ Yang H, Ichinose H, Yoshida M, Nakajima M, Kobayashi H, Kaneko S. Characterization of a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-D-galactanase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006 Feb;70(2):538-41. PMID:16495677 doi:10.1271/bbb.70.538
  4. ↑ Kint JA. Fabry's disease: alpha-galactosidase deficiency. Science. 1970 Feb 27;167(3922):1268-9. PMID:5411915
  5. ↑ Morrone A, Bardelli T, Donati MA, Giorgi M, Di Rocco M, Gatti R, Parini R, Ricci R, Taddeucci G, D'Azzo A, Zammarchi E. beta-galactosidase gene mutations affecting the lysosomal enzyme and the elastin-binding protein in GM1-gangliosidosis patients with cardiac involvement. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(4):354-66. PMID:10737981 doi:<354::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200004)15:4<354::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-L
  6. ↑ Hidaka M, Fushinobu S, Ohtsu N, Motoshima H, Matsuzawa H, Shoun H, Wakagi T. Trimeric crystal structure of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 beta-galactosidase from Thermus thermophilus A4 and the structure of its complex with galactose. J Mol Biol. 2002 Sep 6;322(1):79-91. PMID:12215416


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