Galactosidase
From Proteopedia
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
| - | '''α-Galactosidase''' (Agal) hydrolyzes the terminal α-galactosyl moiety from glycoproteins and glycolipids<ref>PMID:15003450</ref>. '''β-Galactosidase''' (Bgal) hydrolyzes β-galactosides into monosaccharides<ref>PMID:8008071</ref>. | + | '''α-Galactosidase''' (Agal) hydrolyzes the terminal α-galactosyl moiety from glycoproteins and glycolipids<ref>PMID:15003450</ref>. |
| + | *'''β-Galactosidase''' (Bgal) hydrolyzes β-galactosides into monosaccharides<ref>PMID:8008071</ref>. | ||
Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induces Bgal activity. Phenylethyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (PETG) is an inhibitor. Galactose, lactose, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (ONPG) are substrates. Galactopyranosyl is reaction intermediate.<br /> For details on α-galactosidase see [[Garman lab: Interconversion of lysosomal enzyme specificities]].<br />For details on β-galactosidase see [[Molecular Playground/Beta-galactosidase]]. | Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induces Bgal activity. Phenylethyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (PETG) is an inhibitor. Galactose, lactose, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (ONPG) are substrates. Galactopyranosyl is reaction intermediate.<br /> For details on α-galactosidase see [[Garman lab: Interconversion of lysosomal enzyme specificities]].<br />For details on β-galactosidase see [[Molecular Playground/Beta-galactosidase]]. | ||
| + | See also: [[Beta-galactosidase (hebrew)]] | ||
| + | *'''Endo-1,4-β-galactosidase''' hydrolyzes pectic galactans to produce D-galactose, beta-1,4-D galactobiose, beta-1,4-D galactotriose and beta-1,4-D galactotetraose<ref>PMID:16495677</ref>. | ||
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| + | See also [[Lactase (a protein)]] | ||
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
| - | == 3D Structures of Galactosidase == | ||
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| - | Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}} | ||
| - | {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0| | ||
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| - | *α-Galactosidase | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3hg2]], [[3gxn]], [[1r46]], [[1r47]], [[3s5y]], [[3s5z]] – hAgal A - human<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3lx9]], [[3lxa]], [[3lxb]], [[3lxc]], [[3tv8]] - hAgal A (mutant) <br /> | ||
| - | **[[3lrk]] – yAgal 1 (mutant) – yeast<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3lrl]], [[3lrm]] – yAgal 1 (mutant) + polysaccharide<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1zy9]], [[5m0x]] – TmAgal – ''Thermotoga maritima''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3h53]] - hAgal B (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3a24]] – BtAgal – ''Bacterioides thetaiotamicron''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3a5v]] – Agal I – ''Mortierella vinacea''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3mi6]] – Agal – ''Lactobacillus brevis''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1szn]] – HjAgal – ''Hypocrea jecorina''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1uas]] – Agal – rice<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2xn0]], [[2xn1]] – LaAgal – ''Lactobacillus acidophilus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4fnp]], [[4ojy]] – GsAgal (mutant) – ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4fnq]], [[4fnr]], [[4oif]] – GsAgal<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4xpo]] - PsBgal – ''Pedobacter saltans'' <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4xpr]] - PsAgal (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6f4c]] - Agal – ''Nicotiana benthamiana''<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *''α-galactosidase binary complex'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3h54]] - hAgal B (mutant) + polysaccharide<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3h55]] - hAgal B (mutant) + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3igu]] - hAgal B (mutant) + intermediate<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3hg3]], [[3hg5]] - hAgal A (mutant) + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3gxp]] - hAgal A + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3hg4]] – hAgal A + intermediate<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3gxt]] – hAgal A + imino sugar<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4nxs]] - hAgal + jirimycin derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1t0o]] – HjAgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2xn2]] - LaAgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4xpp]] - PsAgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4xpq]] - PsAgal + fucose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4xps]] - PsAgal (mutant) + galactopyranoside derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4fns]] - GsAgal (mutant) + jirimycin derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4fnt]], [[4fnu]] – GsAgal + galactoside<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5e1q]] - BtAgal + Gal-Lac<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5m12]], [[5m16]], [[5m1i]], [[6gx8]], [[6gwg]], [[6gvd]] - TmAgal + sugar<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6gwf]], [[6gta]] - TmAgal (mutant) + sugar<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *β-Galactosidase | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3og2]] – TrBgal – ''Trichoderma reesei''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1hn1]], [[1dp0]], [[1f4a]], [[1f4h]], [[4v41]], [[4v40]], [[4ttg]] - EcBgal - Escherichia coli<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3j7h]], [[6cvm]] – EcBgal – cryo EM<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3dec]], [[3d3a]], [[3bga]], [[5mt2]], [[5mui]], [[5muj]] – BtBgal<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6etz]], [[6h1p]] - ArBgal – ''Arthrobacter''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1yq2]] - ArBgal (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1uwi]], [[4eam]], [[5i3d]] - SsBgal (mutant) - ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1uwq]], [[1gow]] – SsBgal<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1kwg]] – TtBgal – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1tg7]] – PeBgal – ''Penicillium''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3tts]], [[4mad]] – BcBgal – ''Bacillus circulans''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ypj]] - BcBgal (mutant) <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ha3]], [[4ha4]] – Bgal – ''Acidilobus saccharovorans''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3w5f]] – toBgal – tomato<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wq8]] – Bgal – ''Pyrococcus furiosus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cu6]] – SpBgal catalytic module residues 137-985– ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cu9]] – SpBgal carbohydrate-binding module II residues 1822-1998 <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cua]] – SpBgal carbohydrate-binding module I residues 1463-1645 <br /> | ||
| - | **[[5xb7]] - BaBgal – ''Bifidobacterium animalis''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4uoq]] - BaBgal (mutant) <br /> | ||
| - | **[[5vym]] - Bgal – ''Bifidobacterium adolescentis''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5nav]], [[5naq]] - Bgal – ''Lactobacillus plantarum''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3ob8]], [[3oba]] – Bgal – ''Kluyveromyces lactis''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5dfa]] - GsBgal (mutant) <br /> | ||
| - | **[[5dmy]] - BbBgal – ''Bifidobacterium bifidum''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5e9a]] - Bgal - ''Rahnella''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5euv]] - ParBgal - ''Paracoccus''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5iaz]] - rBgal C-terminal - NMR<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5ifp]] - Bgal – ''Aspergillus niger''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6mvh]] - Bgal – ''Roseburia hominis''<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *''β-Galactosidase binary complex with galactose'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3thc]] - hBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wf3]] - hBgal + galactose + NAG<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1xc6]] - PeBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3w5g]], [[6ik5]] - toBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[6ik6]], [[6ik7]], [[6ik8]] - toBgal (mutant) + galactobiose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1kwk]] – TtBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3ogr]] – TrBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3e1f]], [[1jz7]] - EcBgal (mutant) + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3t09]], [[3t0d]], [[3t2q]], [[3vd7]], [[3vdb]] - EcBgal (mutant) + galactose derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4iug]] - Bgal + galactose – ''Aspergillus oryzae''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3tty]] - BcBgal + galactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cub]] – SpBgal carbohydrate-binding module I + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cuc]] – SpBgal catalytic module (mutant) + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4uni]] - BaBgal + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4uoz]] - BaBgal (mutant) + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ucf]], [[4uzs]] - BbBgal + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[5ldr]] - ParBgal + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | **[[6eon]] - BtBgal + galactose <br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *''β-Galactosidase other complexes'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3thd]] – hBgal + jirimycin derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wez]] - hBgal + NOEV<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wf0]], [[3wf1]] - hBgal + pyrimidine derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wf4]] - hBgal (mutant) + pyridine derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3wf2]] - hBgal + piperidine derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3ogs]] - TrBgal + IPTG<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3ogv]] – TrBgal + inhibitor<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2ceq]], [[1uwr]], [[1uws]], [[1uwt]], [[1uwu]], [[2cer]] - SsBgal + inhibitor<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ean]], [[5ixe]] – SsBgal + indole derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3muz]], [[3i3d]], [[3dyo]], [[1px4]], [[1jyx]], [[3t08]], [[3t0b]], [[3t2p]], [[3vd4]], [[3vd9]], [[3vdc]]- EcBgal (mutant) + IPTG<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3mv0]], [[3i3b]], [[3czj]], [[4v45]], [[1jz2]], [[1jz3]], [[1jz4]], [[1jz5]], [[1jz6]] - EcBgal (mutant) + intermediate<br /> | ||
| - | **[[3mv1]] - EcBgal (mutant) + guanidinium<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1jyn]], [[4v44]], [[1jz8]] - EcBgal (mutant) + lactose derivative<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1jyn]], [[1jyw]], [[1jyv]] - EcBgal (mutant) + substrate<br /> | ||
| - | **[[5a1a]] - EcBgal + inhibitor – Cryo-EM<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1jz6]] - EcBgal (mutant) + inhibitor<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4duw]] - EcBgal (mutant) + allolactose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4dux]] - EcBgal (mutant) + ribose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ckd]] – EcBgal + antibody<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4cu7]] - SpBgal catalytic module + galacto-isofagomine<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *Endo-1,4-β-galactosidase | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[2xom]], [[2xon]] – TmEbgal carbohydrate-binding domain + β-galactotriose<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1ups]] – Ebgal - ''Clostridium perfringens''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2ygl]], [[2ygm]] – SpEbgal blood group A & B cleaving <br /> | ||
| - | **[[4bf7]] – Ebgal – ''Emericella nidulans''<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactosidase | ||
| - | |||
| - | **[[3p2n]], [[5opq]] – AAgal – ''Zobellia galactanivorans''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ak5]] – BpAAgal – ''Bacterioides plebeius''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ak6]] – BpAAgal (mutant)<br /> | ||
| - | **[[4ak7]] – BpAAgal (mutant) + polysaccharide<br /> | ||
| - | |||
| - | *6-phospho-β-D-galactosidase | ||
| - | **[[2pbg]], [[3pbg]], [[4pbg]], [[1pbg]] – Pgal (mutant) – ''Lactococcus lacti''<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2v4v]] – gal GH59 – ''Clostridium cellulolyticum'' | ||
| - | }} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Current revision
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References
- ↑ Garman SC, Garboczi DN. The molecular defect leading to Fabry disease: structure of human alpha-galactosidase. J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 19;337(2):319-35. PMID:15003450 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.01.035
- ↑ Jacobson RH, Zhang XJ, DuBose RF, Matthews BW. Three-dimensional structure of beta-galactosidase from E. coli. Nature. 1994 Jun 30;369(6483):761-6. PMID:8008071 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369761a08015589
- ↑ Yang H, Ichinose H, Yoshida M, Nakajima M, Kobayashi H, Kaneko S. Characterization of a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-D-galactanase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006 Feb;70(2):538-41. PMID:16495677 doi:10.1271/bbb.70.538
- ↑ Kint JA. Fabry's disease: alpha-galactosidase deficiency. Science. 1970 Feb 27;167(3922):1268-9. PMID:5411915
- ↑ Morrone A, Bardelli T, Donati MA, Giorgi M, Di Rocco M, Gatti R, Parini R, Ricci R, Taddeucci G, D'Azzo A, Zammarchi E. beta-galactosidase gene mutations affecting the lysosomal enzyme and the elastin-binding protein in GM1-gangliosidosis patients with cardiac involvement. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(4):354-66. PMID:10737981 doi:<354::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200004)15:4<354::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-L
- ↑ Hidaka M, Fushinobu S, Ohtsu N, Motoshima H, Matsuzawa H, Shoun H, Wakagi T. Trimeric crystal structure of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 beta-galactosidase from Thermus thermophilus A4 and the structure of its complex with galactose. J Mol Biol. 2002 Sep 6;322(1):79-91. PMID:12215416
- Created with the participation of Wayne Decatur.
