Glycosyltransferase

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{{STRUCTURE_1cxh| PDB=1cxh | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose and Ca+2 ion, [[1cxh]] }}
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='46/467293/Cv/1' caption='Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose, maltose and Ca+2 ions, [[1cxh]]'>
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'''Glycosyltransferase''' (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate. '''Galactosyltransferase''' (AGT) is a GT which catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides. '''Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT''' (GTB) or '''histo-blood group ABO system transferase''' is the basis of the blood ABO system. It involves 3 carbohydrate antigens: A, B and H. Individuals with blood type A, B and AB has glycosyltransferase activitiy which converts antigen H to A or B. Individuals with blood type O lack this activity.
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== Function ==
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*'''Glycosyltransferase''' (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate<ref>PMID:18990828</ref>. <br />
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*'''Galactosyltransferase''' (AGT) is a GT which catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides<ref>PMID:18393823</ref>.<br />
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*'''Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase''' (BGT) is the catalytic subunit of lactose synthase of which [[Alpha-lactalbumin]] is the regulatory subunit. Lactose synthase synthesises lactose from UDP-galactose and glucose<ref>PMID:27229304</ref>. See [[Human Lactose synthase(Hebrew)]].<br />
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*'''Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT''' (GTB) or '''histo-blood group ABO system transferase''' is the basis of the blood ABO system. It involves 3 carbohydrate antigens: A, B and H. <br />
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*'''Flavonoid GT''' glycosylates flavonoids (plant metabolites with two phenyl rings and one heterocyclic ring)<ref>PMID:23144555</ref>. For details on flavonoid GT see [[Vitis vinifera Flavonoid 3-O-Glucosyltransferase (Vv3GT)]].
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*'''Cyclodextrin GT''' produces cyclodextrin from starch<ref>PMID:10574960</ref>.
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*'''UDP GT''' has a role in xenobiotics metabolism and metabolic waste<ref>PMID:38474028</ref>.
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*'''C-GT''' catalyzes the formation of C-glycosidic bonds<ref>PMID:32699169</ref>.
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*'''peptidoglycan GT''' synthesises the glycol strands of the bacterial walls' peptidoglycans <ref>PMID:18834124</ref>.
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*'''Pseudo-GT VldE''' catalyzes the condensation of 2 pseudo sugars to a product with an alpha, alpha-N-glycosidic bond<ref>PMID:26051218</ref>.
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==3D structures of glycosyltransferase==
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== Relevance ==
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Individuals with blood type A, B and AB has glycosyltransferase activitiy which converts antigen H to A or B. Individuals with blood type O lack this activity. For details see [[Human ABO(H) Blood Group Glycosyltransferases]].<br />
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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== Disease ==
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Mutations in mannose GT can cause muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder<ref>PMID:11709191</ref>.
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===Cyclodextrin GT (CGT)===
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== Structural highlights ==
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The <scene name='46/467293/Cv/5'>active site</scene> of cyclodextrin GT contains <scene name='46/467293/Cv/6'>three catalytic residues</scene><ref>PMID:7493956</ref>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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[[1cxi]], [[1cdg]], [[1cgt]], [[1cgu]] - BcCGT – ''Bacillus circulans''
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==3D structures of glycosyltransferase==
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[[Glycosyltransferase 3D structures]]
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[[1tcm]], [[4cgt]], [[7cgt]], [[1kck]], [[1kcl]], [[1ot1]], [[1ot2]], [[1pez]], [[1pj9]], [[1v3j]], [[1v3k]], [[1cgv]], [[1cgw]] - BcCGT (mutant)
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[[1ciu]] – TtCGT – ''Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes''
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[[3bmv]], [[3bmw]] – TtCGT (mutant)<br />
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[[1cyg]] – CGT – ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''<br />
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[[1d7f]] - BaCGT (mutant) – ''Bacillus''<br />
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[[1pam]] - BaCGT
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''CGT binary complexes''
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[[1cxe]], [[1cxh]] – BcCGT + substrate
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[[1cxf]], [[5cgt]], [[8cgt]], [[9cgt]], [[1cxk]], [[1eo5]], [[1eo7]] - BcCGT (mutant) + substrate
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[[3cgt]] - BcCGT (mutant) + β-cyclodextrin
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[[1d3c]] - BcCGT (mutant) + γ-cyclodextrin
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[[6cgt]] - BcCGT (mutant) + HOXA
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[[2dij]], [[1dtu]] - BcCGT (mutant) + inhibitor
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[[1cxl]] - BcCGT (mutant) + reaction intermediate
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[[2cxg]], [[1ukq]] – BcCGT + acarbose-derivative
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[[1uks]], [[1ukt]], [[1v3l]], [[1v3m]] – BcCGT (mutant) + acarbose-derivative<br />
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[[1ded]] - BaCGT (mutant) + acarbose<br />
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[[1i75]] – BaCGT + deoxyjirimycin<br />
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[[1a47]] – TtCGT + inhibitor
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===Maltose GT===
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[[1gju]], [[1lwh]] – TmMCG – ''Thermotoga maritima''
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[[1gjw]] – TmMCG + maltose
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[[1lwj]] - TmMGT + acarbose
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===Human GT===
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[[1lz0]] – hGT A - hGT A catalytic domain + inhibitor
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[[1r7y]], [[1r81]] - hGT A catalytic domain + inhibitor + UDP-derivative
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[[1lz7]] – hGT B catalytic domain
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[[1r7u]], [[1r7x]] - hGT B catalytic domain + inhibitor
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[[1r80]], [[1r82]] - hGT B catalytic domain + inhibitor + UDP-derivative
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[[1lzi]] – hGT A catalytic domain + UDP + H antigen acceptor
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[[1lzj]] – hGT B catalytic domain + UDP + H antigen acceptor
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[[1r7t]], [[1r7v]] - hGT ABO(H) + inhibitor
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[[1wt0]], [[1wsz]], [[1wt3]], [[2o1f]], [[2o1g]], [[3i0c]], [[3i0h]], [[1xz6]], [[2i7b]] – hGT ABO(H) (mutant)
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[[1wt1]], [[1wt2]], [[2o1h]], [[3i0d]], [[3i0i]], [[2y7a]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + UDP
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[[3i0e]], [[3i0j]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + H-antigen
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[[3i0f]], [[3i0k]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + H-antigen + UDP
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[[3i0g]], [[3i0l]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + DA + UDP-Gal
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===Oleandomycin GT===
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[[2iya]], [[2iyf]], [[4m60]], [[4m7p]] – SaGT – ''Strepromyces antibioticus''<br />
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[[4m83]] – SaGT + UDP + erythromycin<br />
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===Hydroquinone GT===
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[[2vce]] – AtGT – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
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[[2vch]], [[2vg8]] – AtGT + UDP
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===Flavonoid GT===
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[[3hbf]] – MtGT + UDP + myricetin – ''Medicago truncatula''
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[[3hbj]] - MtGT + UDP
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[[2pq6]] - MtGT
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[[2c1x]], [[2c1z]] – GT + UDP – ''Vitis vinifera''
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===Peptidoglycan GT===
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[[4jbf]], [[4ovd]] – ApGT – ''Atopobium parvulum''<br />
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[[4mnr]] – GT D,D transpeptidase domain – ''Eggerthella lenta''<br />
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[[4n1x]] – ApGT penicillin-binding domain + penicillin<br />
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===Various GT===
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[[1nzd]] – T4β-GT + UDP-glucose – Phage T4
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[[2nzf]], [[1nzf]] - T4β-GT (mutant) + UDP-glucose
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[[2iuy]], [[2iv3]] – SvGT – ''Stretptomyces viridochromogenes''
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[[3hzs]], [[3vmq]] – SaGT – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
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[[3vmr]], [[3vms]], [[3vmt]] – SaGT + lipid II analog<br />
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[[3mbo]] – BaGT + UDP + malate – ''Bacillus anthracis''
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[[2jjm]] - BaGT
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[[3oy7]] – GT + GDP-mannose – cholera virus
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[[3pnn]] – GT – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis''
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[[2q3e]], [[3q3i]], [[3q3e]] – ApGT – ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumomiae''
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[[3q3h]] – ApGT + UDP-Glc
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[[1iir]] – AoUDP-GT – ''Amycolatopsis orientali''s
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[[1pn3]], [[1pnv]], [[1rrv]] – AoGT + TDP + vancomycin
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[[2yjn]] – GT + Dtpd-4-keto-6-deoxy-hexose isomerase – ''Saccharopolyspora erythraea''
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[[3h4i]], [[3h4t]] – GT chimera
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[[1cwy]] – GT – ''Thermus aquaticus''
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[[2iv7]], [[2iw1]] – GT - ''Escherichia coli''
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[[2xci]] – AaGT – ''Aquifex aeolicus''
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[[2xcu]] – AaGT + CMP
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[[3ia7]] – MeGT Calg4 – ''Micromonospora echinospora''
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[[3iaa]] – MeGT Calg2 + TDP
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[[3rsc]] - MeGT Calg2 + TDP + calicheamicin
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[[3otk]] – GT catalytic domain - mouse<br />
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[[4ayj]] – BoGT + glucose + galactose + fucose – ''Bacterioides ovatus''<br />
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[[4cj8]], [[4cjc]] - BoGT (mutant) + UDP + galactosamine + UDP-galactosamine <br />
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[[4cjb]] - BoGT (mutant) + GalNac <br />
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[[4ayl]] - BoGT<br />
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[[1g9r]] - GT (mutant) + UDP-galactose + Mn – ''Neisseria meningitides''<br />
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[[4an4]], [[4amb]], [[4amg]] – GT Snogd – ''Streptomyces nogalater''<br />
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===β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (BGT)===
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[[1fgx]] - bBGT catalytic domain – bovine<br />
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[[1pzt]] - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
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[[2fy7]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
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[[3lw6]] - BGT catalytic domain (mutant) – ''Drosophila melanogaster''
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''BGT binary complexes''
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[[1fr8]], [[1o0r]] - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose<br />
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[[1tvy]], [[1tw1]] - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose<br />
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[[1tw5]] - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + chitobiose<br />
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[[1nf5]] - bBGT + α-lactalbumin<br />
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[[1o23]] - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-glucose<br />
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[[1oqm]] - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine<br />
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[[2fya]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + Mn<br />
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[[4ee3]], [[4ee4]], [[4ee5]], [[4eea]], [[4eeg]], [[4eem]], [[4eeo]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + polysaccharide<br />
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''BGT ternary complexes''
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[[1nhe]], [[1nkh]] - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP + α-lactalbumin<br />
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[[1yro]] - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose + α-lactalbumin<br />
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[[1nwg]] - bBGT catalytic domain + N-butanoyl-glucoamine + α-lactalbumin<br />
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[[1nmm]], [[1nqi]], [[1pzy]], [[1o7q]] - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP + GlcNAc<br />
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[[2fyb]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + Mn + UDP<br />
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[[2ae7]]- hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + pentasaccharide<br />
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[[2aec]], [[2aes]], [[2agd]] - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + GlcNAc + mannose<br />
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[[2fyc]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose + Ca + α-lactalbumin<br />
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[[3ee5]] - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + GlcNAc-β1,3-gal-β-naphthalenemethanol<br />
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[[2fyd]] - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP-GlcNAc + Mn + α-lactalbumin<br /> (mutant) + glucose<br />
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[[2ah9]] - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + chitotriose<br />
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===α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGT)===
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[[1g8o]], [[1fg5]], [[2jco]] - bAGT catalytic domain<br />
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[[2jcl]] – bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
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[[1vzu]], [[1vzx]], [[2i7b]] - hAGT catalytic domain (mutant)<br />
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[[2i7b]] - hAGT catalytic domain (mutant)
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''AGT binary complexes''
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[[1g93]], [[1gx0]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose<br />
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[[1k4v]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP<br />
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[[2rj0]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + Mn<br />
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[[1vzt]], [[2jcj]] - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP<br />
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[[2vfz]] - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-2F-galactose<br />
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[[2vs4]], [[2vs5]], [[2vxl]], [[2vxm]], [[2vs3]] - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose<br />
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[[2vs3]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose<br />
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[[1ziz]], [[1zjp]] - hAGT catalytic domain + galactose<br />
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[[1zj0]] - hAGT catalytic domain + lactose<br />
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[[1zj1]] - hAGT catalytic domain + N-acetyl lactosamine<br />
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[[1zj2]], [[1zj3]] - hAGT catalytic domain + trisaccharide<br />
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[[2a8u]], [[2a8w]] - hAGT catalytic domain + methyl lactoside<br />
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''AGT ternary complexes''
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[[1gwv]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + lactose<br />
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[[2jck]] - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + Mn<br />
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[[2wgz]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + nitrophenyl-β-galactoside<br />
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[[1o7o]] - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + lactose<br />
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[[1gx4]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + N-acetyl lactosamine<br />
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[[1gww]] - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + glucose<br />
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[[1r7u]], [[1r7x]] - hAGT catalytic domain + inhibitor + fucose<br />
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[[1r80]] - hAGT catalytic domain + UDP + inhibitor + fucose<br />
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[[1r82]] - hAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose + inhibitor + fucose<br />
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===Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT (GTB)===
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[[2pgv]], [[2pgy]], [[2riz]], [[2rj5]], [[1wsz]], [[2o1f]], [[2o1g]] – hGTB (mutant) <br />
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[[2rit ]]– hGTB<br />
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[[2rix]] – hGTB + UDP<br />
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[[2o1h]] – hGT Abo (mutant) + UDP<br />
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[[2riy]] – hGTB + H-antigen acceptor<br />
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[[1zi4]], [[1zi5]] - hGTB + H-antigen<br />
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[[3i0j]] – hGT Abo (mutant) + H-antigen<br />
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[[2rj1]], [[2rj6]] - hGTB (mutant) + UDP + H-antigen disaccharide<br />
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[[2rj8]] - hGTB + UDP + H-antigen disaccharide<br />
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[[2rj4]] - hGTB (mutant) + UDP + ADA<br />
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[[2rj7]] - hGTB (mutant) + UDP-galactose + deoxy-acceptor<br />
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[[2rj9]] - hGTB + UDP-galactose + deoxy-acceptor<br />
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[[3sx3]], [[3sx5]], [[3sx7]], [[3sx8]], [[3sxc]], [[3sxd]], [[3sxe]], [[3sxg]], [[1zhj]], [[1zjo]] - hAGT catalytic domain + galactose<br />
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[[1zi1]] - hAGT catalytic domain + lactose<br />
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[[1zi3]] - hAGT catalytic domain + acetylactosamine
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===Fucosylgalactoside α N-acetylgalactosaminyltrasferase (GTA)===
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</StructureSection>
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[[3ioh]] – hGTA (mutant) <br />
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[[3ioi]] - hGTA (mutant) + UDP-galactose derivative<br />
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[[3ioj]] - hGTA (mutant) + UDP
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== References ==
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<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose, maltose and Ca+2 ions, 1cxh

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References

  1. ↑ Williams GJ, Thorson JS. Natural product glycosyltransferases: properties and applications. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 2009;76:55-119. PMID:18990828
  2. ↑ Qasba PK, Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E. Structure and function of beta -1,4-galactosyltransferase. Curr Drug Targets. 2008 Apr;9(4):292-309. PMID:18393823
  3. ↑ Lin Y, Sun X, Hou X, Qu B, Gao X, Li Q. Effects of glucose on lactose synthesis in mammary epithelial cells from dairy cow. BMC Vet Res. 2016 May 26;12:81. PMID:27229304 doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0704-x
  4. ↑ Jadhav SK, Patel KA, Dholakia BB, Khan BM. Structural characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Withania somnifera. Bioinformation. 2012;8(19):943-9. doi: 10.6026/97320630008943. Epub 2012 Oct 1. PMID:23144555 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630008943
  5. ↑ Uitdehaag JC, Kalk KH, van Der Veen BA, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. The cyclization mechanism of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) as revealed by a gamma-cyclodextrin-CGTase complex at 1.8-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34868-76. PMID:10574960
  6. ↑ Lethe MCL, Paris V, Wang X, Chan CTY. Similarities in Structure and Function of UDP-Glycosyltransferase Homologs from Human and Plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 28;25(5):2782. PMID:38474028 doi:10.3390/ijms25052782
  7. ↑ Liu MZ, Wang D, Li Y, Li X, Zong G, Fei S, Yang X, Lin J, Wang X, Shen Y. Crystal Structures of C-glucosyltransferase UGT708C1 Provide Insights into the Mechanism of C-glycosylation. Plant Cell. 2020 Jul 22. pii: tpc.20.00002. doi: 10.1105/tpc.20.00002. PMID:32699169 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00002
  8. ↑ Wang TS, Manning SA, Walker S, Kahne D. Isolated peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases from different organisms produce different glycan chain lengths. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Oct 29;130(43):14068-9. PMID:18834124 doi:10.1021/ja806016y
  9. ↑ Abuelizz HA, Mahmud T. Distinct Substrate Specificity and Catalytic Activity of the Pseudoglycosyltransferase VldE. Chem Biol. 2015 Jun 18;22(6):724-33. PMID:26051218 doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.04.021
  10. ↑ Yoshida A, Kobayashi K, Manya H, Taniguchi K, Kano H, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Mitsuhashi H, Takahashi S, Takeuchi M, Herrmann R, Straub V, Talim B, Voit T, Topaloglu H, Toda T, Endo T. Muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder caused by mutations in a glycosyltransferase, POMGnT1. Dev Cell. 2001 Nov;1(5):717-24. PMID:11709191
  11. ↑ Knegtel RM, Strokopytov B, Penninga D, Faber OG, Rozeboom HJ, Kalk KH, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. Crystallographic studies of the interaction of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 with natural substrates and products. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 8;270(49):29256-64. PMID:7493956

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