Elongation factor

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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of EF-Tu (cyan and magenta) with EF-Ts (green and yellow) (PDB entry [[1efu]])' scene='51/517376/Cv/1'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of EF-Tu (cyan and magenta) with EF-Ts (green and yellow) (PDB entry [[1efu]])' scene='51/517376/Cv/1'>
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__FORCETOC__
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== Function ==
'''Elongation factors''' (EF) facilitate translational elongation during the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.<br />
'''Elongation factors''' (EF) facilitate translational elongation during the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.<br />
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* '''EF-CA150''' is believed to play a role in coupling transcription and splicing.<br />
* '''EF-CA150''' is believed to play a role in coupling transcription and splicing.<br />
* '''Elongin complex''' or '''SIII''' activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the enzyme<ref>PMID:7660129</ref>. The complex is composed of elongin A, B and C. '''Elongin A''' (EloA) is the active component of the complex. '''Elongin B and C''' (EloBC) are the regulatory subunits of it. '''Von Hippel-Landau tumor suppressor protein''' (VHL) binds to EloBC and inhibits transcriptional elongation.<br />
* '''Elongin complex''' or '''SIII''' activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the enzyme<ref>PMID:7660129</ref>. The complex is composed of elongin A, B and C. '''Elongin A''' (EloA) is the active component of the complex. '''Elongin B and C''' (EloBC) are the regulatory subunits of it. '''Von Hippel-Landau tumor suppressor protein''' (VHL) binds to EloBC and inhibits transcriptional elongation.<br />
 +
* '''Negative EF''' (NELF) are involved in regulating the pausing of RNA Pol II polymerase transcripton<ref>PMID:38401543</ref>.<br />
<scene name='51/517376/Cv/4'>Complex EF-Tu with EF-Ts is heterotetramer</scene>, or, more exactly <scene name='51/517376/Cv/5'>heterodimer of homodimers</scene> (PDB entry [[1efu]]).<ref>PMID:8596629</ref>
<scene name='51/517376/Cv/4'>Complex EF-Tu with EF-Ts is heterotetramer</scene>, or, more exactly <scene name='51/517376/Cv/5'>heterodimer of homodimers</scene> (PDB entry [[1efu]]).<ref>PMID:8596629</ref>
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</StructureSection>
 
==3D structures of elongation factor==
==3D structures of elongation factor==
 +
[[Elongation factor 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
+
-
 
+
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*EF-Tu
+
-
 
+
-
**[[1efm]], [[1efc]], [[1dg1]], [[2fx3]], [[1etu]], [[5mi3]] – EcEF – ''Escherichia coli''<BR />
+
-
**[[5mi8]], [[5mi9]] – EcEF (mutant) <br />
+
-
**[[1qzd]] – EcEF – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[3u2q]] – EcEF + drug<BR />
+
-
**[[1mj1]] – EcEF + Phe-tRNA + S12 + S13 + L11 – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[3ep2]] - EcEF + tRNA + S12 + L11 + 16SRRNA + 23SRRNA – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[1ttt]], [[1ob5]] – TaEF + Phe-tRNA + GDPNP - ''Thermus aquaticus''<BR />
+
-
**[[1b23]] - TaEF + Cys-tRNA<BR />
+
-
**[[1ls2]] – yEF + Phe-tRNA – yeast – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[3wxm]] – ApEF + plethora protein – ''Aeropyrum pernix''<br />
+
-
**[[4h9g]], [[4lbv]], [[4lbw]], [[4lby]], [[4lbz]], [[4lc0]] – TtEF – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
+
-
**[[4j0q]] – EF – ''Pseudomonas putida''<br />
+
-
**[[5w75]] – EF – ''Thermotoga neapolitana''<br />
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-Tu complex with antibiotics''
+
-
 
+
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**[[1ob2]] - yEF + Phe-tRNA + antibiotic<BR />
+
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**[[4v8q]] - TtEF + antibiotic in 30S ribosome<BR />
+
-
**[[1ha3]] - TtEF + antibiotic + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[2c77]], [[2c78]] - TtEF + antibiotic + GTP analog<br />
+
-
**[[4v68]] – TtEF + antibiotic in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[2bvn]] - EcEF + GDP<BR />NP + antibiotic<BR />
+
-
**[[1d8t]], [[2hcj]], [[2hdn]], [[3u6b]], [[3u6k]], [[4g5g]], [[5jbq]] – EcEF + antibiotic
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-Tu complex with nucleotide''
+
-
 
+
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**[[1efu]] – EcEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[1exm]] – TtEF + GTP analog<br />
+
-
**[[1eft]] – TaEF + GNP – ''Thermus aquaticus''<BR />
+
-
**[[1tui]] – TaEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[1d2e]] – bEF + GDP – bovine<BR />
+
-
**[[1jny]], [[1skq]] – SsEF + GDP – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
+
-
**[[3wya]] – PhEF + GDP - ''Pyrococcus horikoshii''<br />
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-Tu complex with protein''
+
-
 
+
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**[[3vmf]] – ApEF + translation termination factor<br />
+
-
**[[3wy9]] – PhEF + L12 <br />
+
-
**[[4p3y]] – EcEF + thiol:disulfide interchange protein <br />
+
-
**[[5i4r]], [[5i4q]] – EcEF + CDIA + CDII <br />
+
-
**[[4zv4]] – PaEF + TSE6 - ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-Tu with EF-Ts''
+
-
 
+
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**[[1efu]], [[3agp]], [[3agq]], [[4pc1]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts<BR />
+
-
**[[3avt]], [[3avu]] , [[3avv]], [[3avw]], [[3avx]], [[3avy]], [[3vnu]] , [[3vnv]], [[4fwt]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + RNA<br />
+
-
**[[3mmp]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + RNA replicase beta chain<br />
+
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**[[4q7j]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + Q beta replicase + S1<br />
+
-
**[[4r71]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + RNA polymerase β chain + S1<br />
+
-
**[[4pc7]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + antibiotic + GNP<br />
+
-
**[[4pc2]], [[4pc3]], [[4pc6]] – EcEF + EcEF-Ts + GDP derivative<br />
+
-
**[[1aip]] - TtEF + TtEF-Ts - ''Thermus thermophilus''<BR />
+
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**[[1xb2]] – bEF + EF-Ts - bovine<BR />
+
-
**[[1f60]] – yEF + EF-Ts C terminal<BR />
+
-
**[[1g7c]] - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal + GDPNP<BR />
+
-
**[[1ije]], [[1ijf]] - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal + GDP<BR />
+
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**[[2b7b]] - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal (mutant) + GDP<BR />
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**[[2b7c]] - yEF + EF-Ts C terminal (mutant)
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-Tu in the ribosome''
+
-
 
+
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**[[3eq3]], [[3eq4]] – EcEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[4v6l]], [[4v6k]], [[4v69]] - EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[1zc8]], [[3dwu]] – TtEF in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
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**[[4v5g]], [[4v5l]], [[4v5p]], [[4v5q]], [[4v5r]], [[4v5s]] - TtEF in 70S ribosome
+
-
 
+
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*EF-SII
+
-
 
+
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**[[1tfi]] – hEF – human – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[3ndq]] - hEF domain II<BR />
+
-
**[[1enw]] – yEF domain II – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[1eo0]] - yEF domain I – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[2xex]] – SaEF – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<BR />
+
-
**[[1pqv]], [[1y1v]] – yEF + RNA polymerase II<BR />
+
-
**[[1y1y]], [[3gtm]] – yEF + RNA polymerase II + RNA<BR />
+
-
**[[1wjt]] – mEF N terminal – mouse – NMR<BR />
+
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**[[2m1h]] – EF PWWP domain – ''Trypanosoma brucei'' – NMR<br />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-ELL2
+
-
 
+
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**[[2e5n]] – hEF N2 domain - NMR<BR />
+
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**[[5jw9]] – hEF + AFF4 peptide<br />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-G
+
-
 
+
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**[[1efg]], [[1elo]], [[1ktv]], [[1wdt]], [[2dy1]] – TtEF<BR />
+
-
**[[4m1k]], [[4myt]], [[4myu]] – TtEF (mutant)<br />
+
-
**[[1pn6]], [[3izp]] – TtEF – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[1fnm]], [[2bm0]], [[2bm1]] – TtEF (mutant) <BR />
+
-
**[[2bcw]] – TtEF + L11 + L7/L12 <br />
+
-
**[[2xex]] – SaEF<BR />
+
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**[[3zz0]], [[3zzt]], [[3zzu]] – SaEF (mutant) <BR />
+
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**[[2bv3]] - TtEF (mutant) + GTP analog<br />
+
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**[[2j7k]] - TtEF (mutant) + GDP analog<br />
+
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**[[1dar]], [[2efg]] – TtEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[1jqm]], [[1jqs]] – EcEF + L11 – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[4fn5]] – PaEF <br />
+
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**[[5tv2]] – EF – ''Vibrio vulnificus''<br />
+
-
**[[5ty0]] – EF N terminal – ''Legionella pneumophila''<br />
+
-
**[[5vh6]] – EF N terminal – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
+
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**[[6b8d]] – EF N terminal – ''Haemophilus influenzae''<br />
+
-
 
+
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*''EF-G in the ribosome''
+
-
 
+
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**[[4v8u]], [[4v5m]], [[4v5n]] – TtEF in 70S ribosome <BR />
+
-
**[[4v9h]], [[4v9j]], [[4v9k]], [[4v9l]], [[4v9m]], [[4v90]] – TtEF in 30S ribosome <BR />
+
-
**[[4v9o]], [[4v9p]] – EcEF in 30S ribosome <BR />
+
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**[[4v9d]] – EcEF in 30S ribosome + antibiotics – Cryo-EM<BR />
+
-
**[[2om7]], [[4v5f]] – TtEF in 70S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[1zn0]], [[2rdo]], [[3j0e]], [[4v6t]], [[4v9b]] – EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo-EM<BR />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-GreA/GreB
+
-
 
+
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**[[2pn0]] – EF – ''Nitrosomonas europaea''<BR />
+
-
**[[2p4v]] – EcEF-GreB<br />
+
-
**[[1grj]] – EcEF-GreA<br />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-NusA
+
-
 
+
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**[[1wcl]], [[1wcn]] – EcEF C terminal – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[2kwp]] - EcEF N terminal – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[2jzb]] – EcEF + RNA polymerase subunit α - NMR<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-P
+
-
 
+
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**[[1ueb]] – TtEF<BR />
+
-
**[[4v6a]] – TtEF in 70S ribosome<BR />
+
-
**[[3oyy]] – PaEF <BR />
+
-
**[[3tre]] – EF – ''Coxiella burnetii''<br />
+
-
**[[3a5z]] – EcEF + lysyl-tRNA synthetase<br />
+
-
**[[1yby]] – EF – ''Clostridium thermocellum''<br />
+
-
**[[5j3b]] – EF – ''Acinetobacter baumannii''<br />
+
-
**[[5wxk]] – EF + EARP – ''Neisseria meningitidis''<br />
+
-
 
+
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+
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*EF-Ts
+
-
 
+
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**[[1tfe]] – TtEF<BR />
+
-
**[[1b64]] – hEF guanine exchange factor domain – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[2cp9]] – UBA domain – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[1gh8]] – EF – ''Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum'' – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[2yy3]] – PhEF <BR />
+
-
**[[2uz8]] – hEF (mutant)
+
-
 
+
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*EF-1
+
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+
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**[[4c0s]] – rEF α-2 – rabbit<br />
+
-
**[[5dqs]] – hEF β+γ <br />
+
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**[[5jpo]] – hEF γ+δ <br />
+
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**[[1pbu]] – hEF γ C terminal (mutant) - NMR<BR />
+
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**[[2mvm]], [[2mvn]] – hEF δ-1 CAR domain – NMR<br />
+
-
**[[5o8w]] – yEF α+β <br />
+
-
**[[1nhy]] – yEF γ N terminal<br />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-2
+
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+
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**[[1n0v]] – yEF<BR />
+
-
**[[1u2r]] – yEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[1n0u]], [[2e1r]], [[2npf]] – yEF + antifungal drug<BR />
+
-
**[[1zm2]], [[1zm3]], [[1zm4]], [[1zm9]], [[3b78]], [[3b82]], [[3b8h]], [[2zit]] – yEF + exotoxin<BR />
+
-
**[[4v4b]] - hEF in 40S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[4cxg]], [[4cxh]] - rEF in 40S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[2p8w]], [[2p8x]], [[3dny]] - yEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[2p8y]], [[2p8z]] - yEF+ antifungal drug in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
**[[5h7j]] - PhEF <BR />
+
-
**[[5h7l]] - PhEF + L12<BR />
+
-
**[[5h7k]] - PhEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-3
+
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+
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**[[2ix3]] – yEF<BR />
+
-
**[[2iwh]] – yEF + ADPNP<BR />
+
-
**[[2iw3]] – yEF + ADP<BR />
+
-
**[[2ix8]] – yEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
 
+
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*EF-4 (lepA)
+
-
 
+
-
**[[2ywh]], [[2ywe]], [[2ywf]], [[2ywg]] - AalepA + nucleotide - ''Aquifex aeolicus''<BR />
+
-
**[[3cb4]] - EclepA <BR />
+
-
**[[3deg]] - EclepA in 70S ribosome + GMPPNP – Cryo EM<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-SelB
+
-
 
+
-
**[[1lva]] – MtEF C terminal – ''Moorella thermoacetica''<BR />
+
-
**[[2v9v]] – MtEF winged helix domain<BR />
+
-
**[[1wsu]], [[2uwm]] – MtEF + RNA<BR />
+
-
**[[2ply]] – MtEF (mutant) + RNA<BR />
+
-
**[[4zu9]] - AaEF <BR />
+
-
**[[4aca]] – MmEF – ''Methanococcus maripaludis''<BR />
+
-
**[[4acb]] – MmEF + GTP analog<br />
+
-
**[[4ac9]] – MmEF + GDP<BR />
+
-
**[[2pjp]] – EcEF + RNA<br />
+
-
**[[5izk]], [[5izl]], [[5izm]] – hEF + GDP derivative<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-Spt4 + EF-Spt5
+
-
 
+
-
**[[5xon]], [[5xog]] – EF-Spt4 + EF-Spt5 + EF-Tfiis + RNA polymerase II - ''Komagataella phaffii'' - Cryo EM<br />
+
-
**[[5oik]] – bEF-Spt4 + EF-Spt5 + RNA polymerase II <br />
+
-
**[[2exu]] – yEF-Spt4 residues 1-99 + EF-Spt5 residues 285-375<br />
+
-
**[[3h7h]] – hEF-Spt4 residues 2-117 + hEF-Spt5 residues 176-273<br />
+
-
**[[4zn3]], [[4zn1]] – EF-Spt4 + EF-Spt5 – ''Methanocaldococcus jannaschii'' <br />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-Spt5
+
-
 
+
-
**[[2do3]], [[2e6z]], [[2e70]] – hEF KOW motif residues 694-757 – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[5ohq]] – hEF KOW6-KOW7 domain residues 939-1087<br />
+
-
**[[5oho]] – hEF KOWX-KOW4 domain residues 536-646<br />
+
-
**[[4ytl]] – yEF KOW2-KOW3 domain residues 534-632<br />
+
-
**[[4ytk]] – yEF KOW1-linker domain residues 382-511<br />
+
-
**[[2exu]] – yEF<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-Spt6
+
-
 
+
-
**[[3gxw]], [[3gxx]], [[3pjp]] – EF SH2 domain – ''Candida glabrata''<BR />
+
-
**[[3psf]], [[3psi]] – yEF core domain residues 235-1259<BR />
+
-
**[[3psj]], [[3psk]] – yEF SH2 domain residues 1247-1451<BR />
+
-
**[[5vkl]], [[5vko]] – yEF SH2 domain + RPB1 peptide<br />
+
-
**[[2l3t]] - yEF SH2 domain - NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[3oak]] – yEF + transcription factor IWS1<br />
+
-
**[[4z2n]] – hEF middle domain residues 644-930<br />
+
-
**[[4z2m]] – hEF middle domain + histone H3.1 + histone H4<br />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-Spt16
+
-
 
+
-
**[[5umu]], [[5umt]] – hEF<br />
+
-
**[[5e5b]] - hEF N-terminal<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-M2-1
+
-
 
+
-
**[[5nkx]], [[5noh]] – EF core domain – human respiratory cyncytial virus<br />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-TEFM mitochondrial
+
-
 
+
-
**[[5ol9]] - hEF N-terminal<br />
+
-
**[[5ol8]] - hEF C-terminal<br />
+
-
**[[5ola]] - hEF + RNA polymerase + RNA + DNA<br />
+
-
 
+
-
*EF-CA150
+
-
 
+
-
**[[2dod]], [[2doe]], [[2dof]], [[2e71]], [[2kiq]], [[2kis]] – hEF FF domain – NMR<BR />
+
-
**[[3hfh]] – hEF FF domain<BR />
+
-
**[[2ysi]]– mEF WW domain - NMR<BR />
+
-
 
+
-
*Elongin A
+
-
+
-
**[[4hfx]] – hEloA F-box domain<br />
+
-
 
+
-
*Elongin BC complex
+
-
**[[1lqb]], [[1lm8]] – hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + hypoxia inducible factor 1 α<br />
 
-
**[[3zrc]], [[3ztc]], [[3ztd]], [[3zun]], [[6fmi]], [[6fmj]], [[6fmk]], [[5nw2]], [[5nw1]], [[5nw0]], [[5nvz]], [[5nvy]], [[5nvx]], [[5nvw]], [[5nvv]], [[4w9l]], [[4w9k]], [[4w9j]], [[4w9i]], [[4w9h]], [[4w9g]], [[4w9f]], [[4w9e]], [[4w9d]], [[4w9c]] - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + inhibitor<br />
 
-
**[[5t35]] - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + BRD4<br />
 
-
**[[4wqo]] - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + cullin-2 <br />
 
-
**[[5n4w]] - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + cullin-2 + RBX1<br />
 
-
**[[3zrf]], [[5lli]] - hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor<br />
 
-
**[[2c9w]], [[2izv]], [[2jz3]], [[5bo4]] – hEloBC + suppressor of cytokine signaling<br />
 
-
**[[6c5x]] – hEloBC + suppressor of cytokine signaling + Gp130 peptide<br />
 
-
**[[3dcg]] – hEloBC + virion infectivity factor<br />
 
-
**[[3zkj]] - hEloBC + ankyrin rep<br />
 
-
**[[1vcb]] – hEloBC + VHL<br />
 
-
**[[2fnj]] - mEloBC + GUSTAVUS
 
-
}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Structure of EF-Tu (cyan and magenta) with EF-Ts (green and yellow) (PDB entry 1efu)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Takeshita D, Tomita K. Assembly of Q{beta} viral RNA polymerase with host translational elongation factors EF-Tu and -Ts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 7;107(36):15733-8. Epub 2010 Aug 23. PMID:20798060 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006559107
  2. ↑ Jorgensen R, Merrill AR, Andersen GR. The life and death of translation elongation factor 2. Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Feb;34(Pt 1):1-6. PMID:16246167 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20060001
  3. ↑ Aso T, Lane WS, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. Elongin (SIII): a multisubunit regulator of elongation by RNA polymerase II. Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1439-43. PMID:7660129
  4. ↑ Su BG, Vos SM. Distinct negative elongation factor conformations regulate RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pausing. Mol Cell. 2024 Apr 4;84(7):1243-1256.e5. PMID:38401543 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.023
  5. ↑ Kawashima T, Berthet-Colominas C, Wulff M, Cusack S, Leberman R. The structure of the Escherichia coli EF-Tu.EF-Ts complex at 2.5 A resolution. Nature. 1996 Feb 8;379(6565):511-8. PMID:8596629 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379511a0

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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