Flavin reductase

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{{STRUCTURE_1he2 | PDB=1he2 | SIZE=400 | SCENE= | CAPTION=Human flavin reductase complex with biliverdin IX α and NADP [[1he2]] }}
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='49/490853/Cv/1' caption='Human flavin reductase complex with biliverdin IX α and NADP (PDB code [[1he2]]) '>
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== Function ==
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'''Flavin reductase''' (FR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins such as riboflavin, FAD, FMN, biliverdin, methemoglobin and pyrroloquinoline quinone. FR converts reduced riboflavin to riboflavin and bilirubin to biliverdin. FR is involved in heme catabolism<ref>PMID:7400118</ref> .
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== Relevance ==
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'''Flavin reductase''' (FR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins such as riboflavin, FAD, FMN, biliverdin, methemoglobin and pyrroloquinoline quinone. FR converts reduced riboflavin to riboflavin and bilirubin to biliverdin. This reaction is the basis of the therapeutic use of methylene blue or riboflavin in the treatment of methemoglobinemia. FR is involved in heme catabolism
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FR catalytic reaction is the basis of the therapeutic use of methylene blue or riboflavin in the treatment of methemoglobinemia. Bacterial FR are used to sensitize tumors to drugs.
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== Structural insights ==
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The <scene name='49/490853/Cv/4'>NADP containing active site can accommodate a variety of ligands</scene> because the binding is achieved mainly via hydrophobic interactions ({{Template:ColorKey_Hydrophobic}}, {{Template:ColorKey_Polar}}).<ref>PMID:11224564</ref>
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</StructureSection>
==3D structures of flavin reductase==
==3D structures of flavin reductase==
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[[1qfj]] – FR – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[1bkj]] – VhFR + FMN – ''Vibrio harveyi''<br />
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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[[2bkj]] - VhFR + NAD + FMN<br />
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[[1hdo]] - hFR + NADP - human<br />
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*NADPH-dependent Flavin reductase or biliverdin IX beta reductase
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[[1he2]] - hFR + biliverdin IX α + NADP<BR />
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[[1he3]] - hFR + mesobiliverdin IV α + NADP<BR />
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**[[8ell]], [[8elm]] – hFR – human
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[[1he4]] - hFR + FMN + NADP<BR />
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**[[1hdo]], [[7er6]], [[9c18]] - hFR + NADP <br />
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[[1he5]] - hFR + lumichrome + NADP<BR />
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**[[6opl]] – hFR (mutant) + NADP <br />
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[[1rz0]] – GtFR + FAD – ''Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius''<br />
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**[[1he2]] - hFR + biliverdin IX α + NADP<BR />
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[[1rz1]] - GtFR + FAD + NAD<br />
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**[[1he3]] - hFR + mesobiliverdin IV α + NADP<BR />
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[[3pft]] - FR (mutant) + FMN – ''Mycobacterium goodii''
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**[[1he4]] - hFR + FMN + NADP<BR />
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**[[1he5]] - hFR + lumichrome + NADP<BR />
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**[[5ooh]] – hFR + NADP + erythrosine<br />
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**[[5oog]] – hFR + NADP + phloxine + cyanosine<br />
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**[[7er7]], [[7er8]], [[7er9]], [[7era]], [[7erb]], [[7erc]], [[7erd]], [[7ere]] – hFR + NADP + drug<br />
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**[[8k4k]], [[9c16]], [[9c17]] – hFR + NADP + inhibitor<br />
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**[[3pft]] - FR (mutant) + FMN – ''Mycobacterium goodii''<br />
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**[[5cho]] - FR + FAD – uncultured bacteria<br />
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**[[1qfj]] – FR – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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**[[1bkj]] – VhFR + FMN – ''Vibrio harveyi''<br />
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**[[2bkj]] - VhFR + NAD + FMN<br />
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*NADH-dependent Flavin reductase
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**[[1rz0]] – GtFR + FAD – ''Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius''<br />
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**[[1rz1]] - GtFR + FAD + NAD<br />
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**[[5n6q]] - PpFR + FMN – ''Pseudomonas putida''<br />
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**[[4uth]] - PpFR (mutant) + FMN <br />
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**[[5lnj]], [[5lni]], [[4uti]], [[4utj]] - PpFR (mutant) + FMN derivative + coumarin derivative<br />
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**[[2d36]] - StFR + FMN – ''Sulfurisphaera tokodaii''<br />
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**[[2d37]] - StFR + FMN + NAD<br />
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**[[2d38]] - StFR + FMN + NADP<br />
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**[[9fd4]], [[9fd5]] - FR + FAD – ''Streptomyces albogriseolus''<br />
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**[[8ct0]] - FR + FAD + NAD – ''Kitasatospora aureofaciens''<br />
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}}
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== References ==
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<references/>
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[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human flavin reductase complex with biliverdin IX α and NADP (PDB code 1he2)

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3D structures of flavin reductase

Updated on 06-July-2025

References

  1. ↑ Yubisui T, Takeshita M, Yoneyama Y. Reduction of methemoglobin through flavin at the physiological concentration by NADPH-flavin reductase of human erythrocytes. J Biochem. 1980 Jun;87(6):1715-20. PMID:7400118
  2. ↑ Pereira PJ, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Parraga A, Perez-Luque R, Cunningham O, Darcy K, Mantle TJ, Coll M. Structure of human biliverdin IXbeta reductase, an early fetal bilirubin IXbeta producing enzyme. Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Mar;8(3):215-20. PMID:11224564 doi:10.1038/84948

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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