Glutathione peroxidase

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{{STRUCTURE_3e0u| PDB=3e0u | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Glutatione peroxidase 1 complex with glycerol and ammonium ion, [[3e0u]] }}
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<StructureSection load='3e0u' size='340' side='right' caption='Glutatione peroxidase 1 complex with glycerol and ammonium ion, [[3e0u]]' scene=''>
== Function ==
== Function ==
'''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br />
'''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br />
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* GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br />
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* '''GPX1''' is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br />
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* GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular.<br />
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* '''GPX2''' is intestinal and extracellular and is the major oxidative stress-inducible GPX in lungs.<br />
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* GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br />
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* '''GPX3''' is abundant in plasma.<br />
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* GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide.
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* '''GPX4''' substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide<ref>PMID:17895430</ref>.<br />
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* GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>.
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* '''GPX5''' protects spermatozoa from effects of lipid peroxidation<ref>PMID:9639555</ref>.<br />
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* '''GPX7''' is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>.
== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>.
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Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. '''GPX3''' is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma<ref>PMID:19020706</ref>. '''GPX4''' protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury<ref>PMID:16673405</ref>'''GPX7''' has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>.
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</StructureSection>
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase ==
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase ==
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*GPX4
*GPX4
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**[[2gs3]], [[2obi]] – hGPX4 (mutant)
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**[[2gs3]], [[2obi]], [[6elw]], [[7l8k]], [[7l8l]], [[7l8m]], [[7l8q]], [[7l8r]], [[8q8j]], [[8q8n]] – hGPX4 (mutant)<br />
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**[[5h5q]] – hGPX4 + GXPEP-1<br />
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**[[5h5r]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + GXPEP-2<br />
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**[[5h5s]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + GXPEP-3<br />
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**[[6hkq]], [[6hn3]] – hGPX4 + inhibitor<br />
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**[[7u4i]], [[7u4j]], [[7u4k]], [[7u4l]], [[7u4m]], [[7u4n]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
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**[[5l71]] – mGPX4 - mouse<br />
*GPX5
*GPX5
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**[[2p5q]], [[2p5r]] – GPX5 – poplar
**[[2p5q]], [[2p5r]] – GPX5 – poplar
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*GPX6
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**[[7fc2]] – mGPX6<br />
*GPX7
*GPX7
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**[[2v1m]] – SmGPX – ''Schistosoma mansoni''
**[[2v1m]] – SmGPX – ''Schistosoma mansoni''
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**[[2wgr]] – SmGPX (mutant)
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**[[2wgr]] – SmGPX (mutant)<br />
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**[[6vpd]] – GPX – ''Hypocrea jecorina''<br />
}}
}}
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Glutatione peroxidase 1 complex with glycerol and ammonium ion, 3e0u

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase

Updated on 17-July-2025

References

  1. Arthur JR. The glutathione peroxidases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1825-35. PMID:11215509
  2. Lei XG, Cheng WH, McClung JP. Metabolic regulation and function of glutathione peroxidase-1. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:41-61. PMID:17465855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093716
  3. Ran Q, Liang H, Ikeno Y, Qi W, Prolla TA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. Reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 increases life span through increased sensitivity to apoptosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Sep;62(9):932-42. PMID:17895430
  4. Hall L, Williams K, Perry AC, Frayne J, Jury JA. The majority of human glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5) transcripts are incorrectly spliced: implications for the role of GPX5 in the male reproductive tract. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):5-9. PMID:9639555
  5. Peng D, Belkhiri A, Hu T, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Wilson KT, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut. 2012 Sep;61(9):1250-60. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID:22157330 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078
  6. Saga Y, Ohwada M, Suzuki M, Konno R, Kigawa J, Ueno S, Mano H. Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a candidate mechanism of anticancer drug resistance of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2008 Dec;20(6):1299-303. PMID:19020706
  7. Ran Q, Gu M, Van Remmen H, Strong R, Roberts JL, Richardson A. Glutathione peroxidase 4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury and amyloid toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Jul;84(1):202-8. PMID:16673405 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20868
  8. Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):540-51. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:23580780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612

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