Glutathione peroxidase
From Proteopedia
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- | + | <StructureSection load='3e0u' size='340' side='right' caption='Glutatione peroxidase 1 complex with glycerol and ammonium ion, [[3e0u]]' scene=''> | |
== Function == | == Function == | ||
'''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br /> | '''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br /> | ||
- | * GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br /> | + | * '''GPX1''' is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br /> |
- | * GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular.<br /> | + | * '''GPX2''' is intestinal and extracellular and is the major oxidative stress-inducible GPX in lungs.<br /> |
- | * GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br /> | + | * '''GPX3''' is abundant in plasma.<br /> |
- | * GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide. | + | * '''GPX4''' substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide<ref>PMID:17895430</ref>.<br /> |
- | * GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>. | + | * '''GPX5''' protects spermatozoa from effects of lipid peroxidation<ref>PMID:9639555</ref>.<br /> |
+ | * '''GPX7''' is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>. | ||
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
- | Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>. | + | Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. '''GPX3''' is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma<ref>PMID:19020706</ref>. '''GPX4''' protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury<ref>PMID:16673405</ref>'''GPX7''' has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>. |
+ | |||
+ | </StructureSection> | ||
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase == | == 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase == | ||
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*GPX4 | *GPX4 | ||
- | **[[2gs3]], [[2obi]] – hGPX4 (mutant) | + | **[[2gs3]], [[2obi]], [[6elw]], [[7l8k]], [[7l8l]], [[7l8m]], [[7l8q]], [[7l8r]], [[8q8j]], [[8q8n]] – hGPX4 (mutant)<br /> |
+ | **[[5h5q]] – hGPX4 + GXPEP-1<br /> | ||
+ | **[[5h5r]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + GXPEP-2<br /> | ||
+ | **[[5h5s]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + GXPEP-3<br /> | ||
+ | **[[6hkq]], [[6hn3]] – hGPX4 + inhibitor<br /> | ||
+ | **[[7u4i]], [[7u4j]], [[7u4k]], [[7u4l]], [[7u4m]], [[7u4n]] – hGPX4 (mutant) + inhibitor<br /> | ||
+ | **[[5l71]] – mGPX4 - mouse<br /> | ||
*GPX5 | *GPX5 | ||
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**[[2p5q]], [[2p5r]] – GPX5 – poplar | **[[2p5q]], [[2p5r]] – GPX5 – poplar | ||
+ | |||
+ | *GPX6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | **[[7fc2]] – mGPX6<br /> | ||
*GPX7 | *GPX7 | ||
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**[[2v1m]] – SmGPX – ''Schistosoma mansoni'' | **[[2v1m]] – SmGPX – ''Schistosoma mansoni'' | ||
- | **[[2wgr]] – SmGPX (mutant) | + | **[[2wgr]] – SmGPX (mutant)<br /> |
+ | **[[6vpd]] – GPX – ''Hypocrea jecorina''<br /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Topic Page]] | [[Category:Topic Page]] |
Current revision
|
3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase
Updated on 17-July-2025
References
- ↑ Arthur JR. The glutathione peroxidases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1825-35. PMID:11215509
- ↑ Lei XG, Cheng WH, McClung JP. Metabolic regulation and function of glutathione peroxidase-1. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:41-61. PMID:17465855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093716
- ↑ Ran Q, Liang H, Ikeno Y, Qi W, Prolla TA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. Reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 increases life span through increased sensitivity to apoptosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Sep;62(9):932-42. PMID:17895430
- ↑ Hall L, Williams K, Perry AC, Frayne J, Jury JA. The majority of human glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5) transcripts are incorrectly spliced: implications for the role of GPX5 in the male reproductive tract. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):5-9. PMID:9639555
- ↑ Peng D, Belkhiri A, Hu T, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Wilson KT, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut. 2012 Sep;61(9):1250-60. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID:22157330 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078
- ↑ Saga Y, Ohwada M, Suzuki M, Konno R, Kigawa J, Ueno S, Mano H. Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a candidate mechanism of anticancer drug resistance of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2008 Dec;20(6):1299-303. PMID:19020706
- ↑ Ran Q, Gu M, Van Remmen H, Strong R, Roberts JL, Richardson A. Glutathione peroxidase 4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury and amyloid toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Jul;84(1):202-8. PMID:16673405 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20868
- ↑ Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):540-51. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:23580780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612