Thioredoxin Reductase

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[[Image:1cl0.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Thioredoxin Reductase [[1cl0]]]]
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry [[3qfa]])' scene='43/433123/Cv/2'>
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{{STRUCTURE_1cl0| PDB=1cl0 | SIZE=300| SCENE=Thioredoxin_Reductase/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION=Thioredoxin Reductase [[1cl0]] }}
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== Function ==
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[[Thioredoxin Reductase]] or '''glutaredoxin domain-containing protein''' (TrxR) is an enzyme which reduces thioredoxin using NADPH<ref>PMID:11012661</ref>. '''TrxR-1''' is cystolic while '''TrxR-2''' is mitochondrial. '''TrxR-3''' is highly expressed in testis. For more details see:
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*[[User:Sarah Abdalla/Thioredoxin Reductase]]
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*[[Glucocorticoids]]
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*[[Steroid Hormones and their receptors]]
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Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) is an enzyme which reduces thioredoxin using NADPH. TrxR-2 is mitochondrial. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative TrxR, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of Thioredoxin Reductase from ''Eschericia coli'' ([[1cl0]]).
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== Disease ==
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Mutations in TrxR-2 are associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency<ref>PMID:24601690</ref>.
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{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
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== Structural highlights ==
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TrxR and Trx form an <scene name='43/433123/Cv/6'>intramolecular Cys-Cys bond</scene><ref>PMID:21750537</ref>. <scene name='43/433123/Cv/7'>FAD binding site</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
== 3D Structures of Thioredoxin Reductase ==
== 3D Structures of Thioredoxin Reductase ==
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[[Thioredoxin reductase 3D structures]]
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===TrxR===
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</StructureSection>
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[[1cl0]], [[1tde]], [[1trb]] – EcTrxR+FAD – ''Eschericia coli''<br />
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[[1tdf]] - EcTrxR+FAD+NADPH<br />
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[[1h6v]] – rTrxR (mutant)+FAD+NADPH – rat<br />
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[[1vdc]] – TrxR+FAD – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
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[[2a87]] - TrxR+FAD+NADPH – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
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[[3cty]] - TrxR+FAD – ''Thermoplasma acidophilum''<br />
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[[3d8x]] - yTrxR+FAD+NADPH - yeast<br />
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[[2nvk]] - DmTrxR+FAD+NADPH – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
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[[2q0k]], [[2q0l]] - HpTrxR+FAD+NADPH – ''Helicobacter pylori''<br />
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[[3ish]] - HpTrxR+FAD<br />
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[[2q7v]] - TrxR+FAD – ''Deinococcus radiodurans''<br />
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===TrxR-1===
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[[2cfy]] – hTrxR-1+FAD – human<br />
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[[2zz0]], [[2zzb]], [[2zzc]] – hTrxR-1 (mutant)+FAD<br />
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[[2j3n]] – hTrxR-1+FAD+NADPH<br />
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[[3itj]] – yTrxR-1+FAD <br />
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[[3dh9]], [[3dgh]] – DmTrxR-1+FAD<br />
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[[3ean]], [[3eao]] – rTrxR-1+FAD+NADPH
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===TrxR-2===
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[[1zdl]], [[1zkq]] – mTrxR-2+FAD+NADPH – mouse<br />
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[[3dgz]] – mTrxR-2+FAD<br />
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[[2whd]] – TrxR-2+FAD – ''Hordeum vulgare''<br />
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===TrxR-3===
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[[3f8d]], [[3f8p]], [[3f8r]] – TrxR-3 (mutant)+FAD – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
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[[3h8q]] – hTrxR-3 glutaredoxin domain
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== References ==
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<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry 3qfa)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Arner ES, Holmgren A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6102-9. PMID:11012661
  2. ↑ Prasad R, Chan LF, Hughes CR, Kaski JP, Kowalczyk JC, Savage MO, Peters CJ, Nathwani N, Clark AJ, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) mutation associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Aug;99(8):E1556-63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3844. Epub, 2014 Mar 6. PMID:24601690 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3844
  3. ↑ Fritz-Wolf K, Kehr S, Stumpf M, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Crystal structure of the human thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin complex. Nat Commun. 2011 Jul 12;2:383. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1382. PMID:21750537 doi:10.1038/ncomms1382

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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