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| - | [[Image:1bk0.jpg|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1bk0" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" | |
| - | caption="1bk0, resolution 1.3Å" /> | |
| - | '''ISOPENICILLIN N SYNTHASE FROM ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS (ACV-FE COMPLEX)'''<br /> | |
| | | | |
| - | ==Overview== | + | ==ISOPENICILLIN N SYNTHASE FROM ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS (ACV-FE COMPLEX)== |
| - | The biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in, microorganisms requires the formation of the bicyclic nucleus of, penicillin. Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), a non-haem iron-dependent, oxidase, catalyses the reaction of a tripeptide, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV), and dioxygen to, form isopenicillin N and two water molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest, the reaction is initiated by ligation of the substrate thiolate to the, iron centre, and proceeds through an enzyme-bound monocyclic intermediate., Here we report the crystal structure of IPNS complexed to ferrous iron and, ACV, determined to 1.3 A resolution. Based on the structure, we propose a, mechanism for penicillin formation that involves ligation of ACV to the, iron centre, creating a vacant iron coordination site into which dioxygen, can bind. Subsequently, iron-dioxygen and iron-oxo species remove the, requisite hydrogens from ACV without the direct assistance of protein, residues. The crystal structure of the complex with the dioxygen analogue, NO and ACV bound to the active-site iron supports this hypothesis. | + | <StructureSection load='1bk0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1bk0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.30Å' scene=''> |
| | + | == Structural highlights == |
| | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bk0]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_nidulans Aspergillus nidulans]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BK0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BK0 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.3Å</td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACV:L-D-(A-AMINOADIPOYL)-L-CYSTEINYL-D-VALINE'>ACV</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FE:FE+(III)+ION'>FE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bk0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bk0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1bk0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bk0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bk0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bk0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | + | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IPNA_EMENI IPNA_EMENI] Isopenicillin N synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penicillin, the world's most important antibiotic (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401). IpnA catalyzes the cyclization of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) to form isopenicillin N (IPN) that contains the beta-lactam nucleus (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401, PubMed:28703303). The penicillin biosynthesis occurs via 3 enzymatic steps, the first corresponding to the production of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) by the NRPS acvA. The tripeptide ACV is then cyclized to isopenicillin N (IPN) by the isopenicillin N synthase ipnA that forms the beta-lactam nucleus. Finally, the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain is exchanged for phenylacetic acid by the isopenicillin N acyltransferase penDE to yield penicillin in the peroxisomal matrix (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P08703]<ref>PMID:11755401</ref> <ref>PMID:28703303</ref> <ref>PMID:3319778</ref> |
| | + | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | + | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | + | Check<jmol> |
| | + | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/bk/1bk0_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | + | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | + | </jmolCheckbox> |
| | + | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1bk0 ConSurf]. |
| | + | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| | + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| | + | The biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in microorganisms requires the formation of the bicyclic nucleus of penicillin. Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), a non-haem iron-dependent oxidase, catalyses the reaction of a tripeptide, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV), and dioxygen to form isopenicillin N and two water molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest the reaction is initiated by ligation of the substrate thiolate to the iron centre, and proceeds through an enzyme-bound monocyclic intermediate. Here we report the crystal structure of IPNS complexed to ferrous iron and ACV, determined to 1.3 A resolution. Based on the structure, we propose a mechanism for penicillin formation that involves ligation of ACV to the iron centre, creating a vacant iron coordination site into which dioxygen can bind. Subsequently, iron-dioxygen and iron-oxo species remove the requisite hydrogens from ACV without the direct assistance of protein residues. The crystal structure of the complex with the dioxygen analogue, NO and ACV bound to the active-site iron supports this hypothesis. |
| | | | |
| - | ==About this Structure==
| + | Structure of isopenicillin N synthase complexed with substrate and the mechanism of penicillin formation.,Roach PL, Clifton IJ, Hensgens CM, Shibata N, Schofield CJ, Hajdu J, Baldwin JE Nature. 1997 Jun 19;387(6635):827-30. PMID:9194566<ref>PMID:9194566</ref> |
| - | 1BK0 is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emericella_nidulans Emericella nidulans] with <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FE:'>FE</scene> and <scene name='pdbligand=ACV:'>ACV</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Known structural/functional Site: <scene name='pdbsite=SA:Active+Site+(Fe+Binding)'>SA</scene>. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BK0 OCA].
| + | |
| | | | |
| - | ==Reference==
| + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| - | Structure of isopenicillin N synthase complexed with substrate and the mechanism of penicillin formation., Roach PL, Clifton IJ, Hensgens CM, Shibata N, Schofield CJ, Hajdu J, Baldwin JE, Nature. 1997 Jun 19;387(6635):827-30. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=9194566 9194566]
| + | </div> |
| - | [[Category: Emericella nidulans]]
| + | <div class="pdbe-citations 1bk0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| - | [[Category: Single protein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Baldwin, J.E.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Clifton, I.J.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hajdu, J.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hensgens, C.M.H.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Roach, P.L.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Schofield, C.J.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Shibata, N.]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: ACV]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: FE]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: SO4]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: b-lactam antibiotic]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: oxygenase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: penicillin biosynthesis]]
| + | |
| | | | |
| - | ''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sun Feb 3 09:33:08 2008''
| + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Isopenicillin N synthase|Isopenicillin N synthase]] |
| | + | == References == |
| | + | <references/> |
| | + | __TOC__ |
| | + | </StructureSection> |
| | + | [[Category: Aspergillus nidulans]] |
| | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | + | [[Category: Baldwin JE]] |
| | + | [[Category: Clifton IJ]] |
| | + | [[Category: Hajdu J]] |
| | + | [[Category: Hensgens CMH]] |
| | + | [[Category: Roach PL]] |
| | + | [[Category: Schofield CJ]] |
| | + | [[Category: Shibata N]] |
| Structural highlights
Function
IPNA_EMENI Isopenicillin N synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penicillin, the world's most important antibiotic (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401). IpnA catalyzes the cyclization of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) to form isopenicillin N (IPN) that contains the beta-lactam nucleus (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401, PubMed:28703303). The penicillin biosynthesis occurs via 3 enzymatic steps, the first corresponding to the production of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) by the NRPS acvA. The tripeptide ACV is then cyclized to isopenicillin N (IPN) by the isopenicillin N synthase ipnA that forms the beta-lactam nucleus. Finally, the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain is exchanged for phenylacetic acid by the isopenicillin N acyltransferase penDE to yield penicillin in the peroxisomal matrix (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P08703][1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in microorganisms requires the formation of the bicyclic nucleus of penicillin. Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), a non-haem iron-dependent oxidase, catalyses the reaction of a tripeptide, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV), and dioxygen to form isopenicillin N and two water molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest the reaction is initiated by ligation of the substrate thiolate to the iron centre, and proceeds through an enzyme-bound monocyclic intermediate. Here we report the crystal structure of IPNS complexed to ferrous iron and ACV, determined to 1.3 A resolution. Based on the structure, we propose a mechanism for penicillin formation that involves ligation of ACV to the iron centre, creating a vacant iron coordination site into which dioxygen can bind. Subsequently, iron-dioxygen and iron-oxo species remove the requisite hydrogens from ACV without the direct assistance of protein residues. The crystal structure of the complex with the dioxygen analogue, NO and ACV bound to the active-site iron supports this hypothesis.
Structure of isopenicillin N synthase complexed with substrate and the mechanism of penicillin formation.,Roach PL, Clifton IJ, Hensgens CM, Shibata N, Schofield CJ, Hajdu J, Baldwin JE Nature. 1997 Jun 19;387(6635):827-30. PMID:9194566[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Ogle JM, Clifton IJ, Rutledge PJ, Elkins JM, Burzlaff NI, Adlington RM, Roach PL, Baldwin JE. Alternative oxidation by isopenicillin N synthase observed by X-ray diffraction. Chem Biol. 2001 Dec;8(12):1231-7. PMID:11755401
- ↑ McNeill LA, Brown TJN, Sami M, Clifton IJ, Burzlaff NI, Claridge TDW, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE, Rutledge PJ, Schofield CJ. Terminally Truncated Isopenicillin N Synthase Generates a Dithioester Product: Evidence for a Thioaldehyde Intermediate during Catalysis and a New Mode of Reaction for Non-Heme Iron Oxidases. Chemistry. 2017 Sep 18;23(52):12815-12824. doi: 10.1002/chem.201701592. Epub 2017, Aug 21. PMID:28703303 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201701592
- ↑ Ramon D, Carramolino L, Patino C, Sanchez F, Penalva MA. Cloning and characterization of the isopenicillin N synthetase gene mediating the formation of the beta-lactam ring in Aspergillus nidulans. Gene. 1987;57(2-3):171-81. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90120-x. PMID:3319778 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(87)90120-x
- ↑ Roach PL, Clifton IJ, Hensgens CM, Shibata N, Schofield CJ, Hajdu J, Baldwin JE. Structure of isopenicillin N synthase complexed with substrate and the mechanism of penicillin formation. Nature. 1997 Jun 19;387(6635):827-30. PMID:9194566 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42990
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