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Glycosyltransferase

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'''Glycosyltransferase''' (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate.
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='46/467293/Cv/1' caption='Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose, maltose and Ca+2 ions, [[1cxh]]'>
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==3D structures of glycosyltransferase==
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== Function ==
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'''Glycosyltransferase''' (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate<ref>PMID:18990828</ref>. <br />
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'''Galactosyltransferase''' (AGT) is a GT which catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides<ref>PMID:18393823</ref>.<br />
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'''Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT''' (GTB) or '''histo-blood group ABO system transferase''' is the basis of the blood ABO system. It involves 3 carbohydrate antigens: A, B and H. <br />
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'''Flavonoid GT''' glycosylates flavonoids (plant metabolites with two phenyl rings and one heterocyclic ring)<ref>PMID:23144555</ref>. For details on flavonoid GT see [[Vitis vinifera Flavonoid 3-O-Glucosyltransferase (Vv3GT)]].
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===Cyclodextrin GT (CGT)===
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== Relevance ==
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Individuals with blood type A, B and AB has glycosyltransferase activitiy which converts antigen H to A or B. Individuals with blood type O lack this activity. For details see [[Human ABO(H) Blood Group Glycosyltransferases]].<br />
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[[1cxi]] - BcCGT – ''Bacillus circulans''
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== Disease ==
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Mutations in mannose GT can cause muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder<ref>PMID:11709191</ref>.
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[[1tcm]], [[4cgt]], [[7cgt]], [[1kck]], [[1kcl]], [[1ot1]], [[1ot2]], [[1pez]], [[1pj9]], [[1v3j]], [[1v3k]] - BcCGT (mutant)
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== Structural highlights ==
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The <scene name='46/467293/Cv/5'>active site</scene> of cyclodextrin GT contains <scene name='46/467293/Cv/6'>three catalytic residues</scene><ref>PMID:7493956</ref>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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[[1ciu]] – TtCGT – ''Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes''
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==3D structures of glycosyltransferase==
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[[Glycosyltransferase 3D structures]]
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[[3bmv]], [[3bmw]] – TtCGT (mutant)
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===CGT binary complexes===
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[[1cxe]], [[1cxh]] – BcC GT + substrate
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[[1cxf]], [[5cgt]], [[8cgt]], [[9cgt]], [[1cxk]], [[1eo5]], [[1eo7]] - BcCGT (mutant) + substrate
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[[3cgt]] - BcCGT (mutant) + b-cyclodextrin
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[[1d3c]] - BcCGT (mutant) + g-cyclodextrin
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[[6cgt]] - BcCGT (mutant) + HOXA
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[[2dij]], [[1dtu]] - BcCGT (mutant) + inhibitor
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[[1cxl]] - BcCGT (mutant) + reaction intermediate
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[[2cxg]], [[1ukq]] – BcCGT + acarbose-derivative
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[[1uks]], [[1ukt]], [[1v3l]], [[1v3m]] – BcCGT (mutant) + acarbose-derivative
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[[1a47]] – TtCGT + inhibitor
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===Maltose GT===
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[[1gju]], [[1lwh]] – TmMCG – ''Thermotoga maritima''
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[[1gjw]] – TmMCG + maltose
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[[1lwj]] - TmMGT + acarbose
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===Human GT===
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[[1lz0]] – hGT A]] - hGT A catalytic domain + inhibitor
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[[1r7y]], [[1r81]] - hGT A catalytic domain + inhibitor + UDP-derivative
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[[1lz7]] – hGT B catalytic domain
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[[1r7u]], [[1r7x]] - hGT B catalytic domain + inhibitor
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[[1r80]], [[1r82]] - hGT B catalytic domain + inhibitor + UDP-derivative
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[[1lzi]] – hGT A catalytic domain + UDP + H antigen acceptor
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[[1lzj]] – hGT B catalytic domain + UDP + H antigen acceptor
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[[1wt0]], [[1wsz]], [[1wt3]], [[2o1f]], [[2o1g]], [[3i0c]], [[3i0h]] – hGT ABO(H) (mutant)
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[[1wt1]], [[1wt2]], [[2o1h]], [[3i0d]], [[3i0i]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + UDP
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[[3i0e]], [[3i0j]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + H-antigen
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[[3i0f]], [[3i0k]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + H-antigen + UDP
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[[3i0g]], [[3i0l]] - hGT ABO(H) (mutant) + DA + UDP-Gal
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===Oleandomycin GT===
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[[2iya]], [[2iyf]] – GT – ''Strepromyces antibioticus''
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===Flavonoid GT===
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[[3hbf]] – MtGT + UDP + myricetin – ''Medicago truncatula''
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[[3hbj]] - MtGT + UDP
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[[1nzd]] – T4b-GT + UDP-glucose – Phage T4
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[[2nzf]] - T4b-GT (mutant) + UDP-glucose
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[[2iuy]], [[2iv3]] – SvGT – ''Stretptomyces viridochromogenes''
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[[3hzs]] – GT – ''Staphylococcus aureus''
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[[3mbo]] – GT + UDP + malate – ''Bacillus anthracis''
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[[3oy7]] – GT + GDP-mannose – cholera virus
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[[3pnn]] – GT – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis''
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[[2q3e]], [[3q3i]] – ApGT – ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumomiae''
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[[3q3h]] – ApGT + UDP-Glc
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[[1iir]] – AoUDP-GT – ''Amycolatopsis orientali''s
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</StructureSection>
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[[1pn3]], [[1pnv]], [[1rrv]] – AoGT + TDP + vancomycin
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== References ==
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<references/>
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[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase complex with substrate maltoheptaose, maltose and Ca+2 ions, 1cxh

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References

  1. ↑ Williams GJ, Thorson JS. Natural product glycosyltransferases: properties and applications. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 2009;76:55-119. PMID:18990828
  2. ↑ Qasba PK, Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E. Structure and function of beta -1,4-galactosyltransferase. Curr Drug Targets. 2008 Apr;9(4):292-309. PMID:18393823
  3. ↑ Jadhav SK, Patel KA, Dholakia BB, Khan BM. Structural characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Withania somnifera. Bioinformation. 2012;8(19):943-9. doi: 10.6026/97320630008943. Epub 2012 Oct 1. PMID:23144555 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630008943
  4. ↑ Yoshida A, Kobayashi K, Manya H, Taniguchi K, Kano H, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Mitsuhashi H, Takahashi S, Takeuchi M, Herrmann R, Straub V, Talim B, Voit T, Topaloglu H, Toda T, Endo T. Muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder caused by mutations in a glycosyltransferase, POMGnT1. Dev Cell. 2001 Nov;1(5):717-24. PMID:11709191
  5. ↑ Knegtel RM, Strokopytov B, Penninga D, Faber OG, Rozeboom HJ, Kalk KH, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. Crystallographic studies of the interaction of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 with natural substrates and products. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 8;270(49):29256-64. PMID:7493956

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