Sandbox 32

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<Structure load='1ake' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='Adenylate Kinase' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /><!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE THIS TEMPLATE -->
{{Template:Oberholser_Sandbox_Reservation}}
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=='''Introduction'''==
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<applet load='9PAP' size='600' frame='true' align='right' scene='Sandbox_32/Papain_default/7' caption='a' />
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/9pap/2'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
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'''Papain is a sulfhydrly protease from ''Carica papaya.'''''
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== '''Adenylate Kinase''' (PDB ID #: 1ake)==
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Papain is a single chain protein of 212 residues and a molecular weight of 23.4kDa. About 7 <scene name='Sandbox_32/Alpha_helix/3'>alpha helices</scene> make up 25% of the secondary structure while 17 strands of <scene name='Sandbox_32/Beta_sheet/4'>beta sheets</scene> make up about 21%. Papain can be divided into <scene name='Sandbox_32/Domains_l_and_r/2'>two domains</scene>--an L and R domain (L=green and R=blue). Generally, the L domain contains many alpha-helical structural components while the R domain is characterized by anti-parallel beta sheet structure.
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The <scene name='Sandbox_32/Chain_a/2'>A Chain</scene> by itself may be in a slightly different conformation than when it is <scene name='Sandbox_32/Both_chains/1'>attached</scene> to the B chain (as found in nature).
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The sulfhydryl protease contains many <scene name='Sandbox_32/hydrophobic residues/1'>hydrophobic residues</scene>. There are also a few <scene name='Sandbox_32/Negatively_charged_residues/1'> negatively charged</scene>residues and no positively charged residues except for histidine. Along with these hydrophobic/hydrophillic interactions, <scene name='Sandbox_32/disulfide_bonds/3'>disulfide bonds </scene> also are important structural components. There are 6 cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds at.....
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Adenylate Kinase contains both types of secondary structure, <scene name='Sandbox_32/Helices_sheets/2'>alpha helices and beta sheets</scene>. In this scene, alpha helices are in light blue and beta sheets are in yellow.
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As a sulfhydrly protease, Papain has a catalytic site with three important residues--Cysteine-25, Histidine-159,and Asparganine176. The <scene name='Sandbox_32/Catalytic_site/1'>catalytic sited</scene>
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The <scene name='Sandbox_32/H_bonds_2/1'>hydrogen bonding</scene> highlighted in this scene shows us that the secondary structure (helices and sheets) is held together by hydrogen bonds. The beta sheets appear to be parallel, as the H-bonds are not all aligned in one direction.
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/Hydrophobic_stickandwireframe/1'>Hydrophobic side chains</scene>, highlighted here in pink, tend to point towards the inside of the molecule where they do not have to interact with the polar water molecules.
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/Hydrophobic/1'>hydrophobic and charged residues </scene>
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The <scene name='Sandbox_32/Hydrophilic/1'>hydrophilic side chains</scene>, highlighted here in blue along with the transparent pink hydrophobic residues, tend to be pointed towards the outside of the protein, where it will interact with the cytosol.
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/Water_ligand/3'>Water molecules</scene> (shown in blue) surround and solvate the protein. The ligand is highlighted in green. The waters seem to congregated on one side than the other, possibly to make room for chain B to bind.
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/Disulfide_bonds/4'>disulide bonds</scene>
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Sidechain and ligand <scene name='Sandbox_32/Sidechain_ligand_interaction/2'>interactions</scene> are shown in this scene. The ligand is in orange, and the interacting side chains are in dark blue and red. Of these contacting residues, only some actually catalyze the reaction on the substrate. These <scene name='Sandbox_32/Active_site_2/1'>active site</scene> residues are highlighted in red. These are the residues which interact chemically with the substrate to turn it into product. The non-active site residues are important in substrate (or ligand) binding.
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<scene name='Sandbox_32/Binding_cleft/2'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
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Current revision

Adenylate Kinase

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate
Please do NOT make changes to this Sandbox. Sandboxes 30-60 are reserved for use by Biochemistry 410 & 412 at Messiah College taught by Dr. Hannah Tims during Fall 2012 and Spring 2013.


Adenylate Kinase (PDB ID #: 1ake)

The by itself may be in a slightly different conformation than when it is to the B chain (as found in nature).

Adenylate Kinase contains both types of secondary structure, . In this scene, alpha helices are in light blue and beta sheets are in yellow.

The highlighted in this scene shows us that the secondary structure (helices and sheets) is held together by hydrogen bonds. The beta sheets appear to be parallel, as the H-bonds are not all aligned in one direction.

, highlighted here in pink, tend to point towards the inside of the molecule where they do not have to interact with the polar water molecules.

The , highlighted here in blue along with the transparent pink hydrophobic residues, tend to be pointed towards the outside of the protein, where it will interact with the cytosol.

(shown in blue) surround and solvate the protein. The ligand is highlighted in green. The waters seem to congregated on one side than the other, possibly to make room for chain B to bind.

Sidechain and ligand are shown in this scene. The ligand is in orange, and the interacting side chains are in dark blue and red. Of these contacting residues, only some actually catalyze the reaction on the substrate. These residues are highlighted in red. These are the residues which interact chemically with the substrate to turn it into product. The non-active site residues are important in substrate (or ligand) binding.

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