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Actinin
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| - | + | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='43/430017/Cv/2' caption='Alpha-actinin-1 [[2eyi]]'> | |
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| - | [[Actinin]] attaches the protein actin to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells and to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. Both ends of actinin contain an actin-binding domain (ABD). Actinin is encoded by different genes. ACTN1 encodes α-actinin-1 (aA1) which is a cytoskeletal isoform. ACTN2 encodes an isoform aA2 found in cardiac and skeletal muscles. ACTN3 encodes aA3 which anchors actin at the muscle Z-disk. ACTN4 encodes aA4 which is found in the cytoplasm and is thought to be involved in metastasis. Actinins contain a 3-helix bundle which is called spectrin repeat (SR). The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative Actinin, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of human Alpha-actinin-1 ([[2eyi]]). | ||
| - | + | == Function == | |
| - | + | [[Actinin]] attaches the protein actin to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells and to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells.<ref>PMID:18488141</ref> Both ends of actinin contain an actin-binding domain (ABD). Actinin is encoded by different genes:<br /> | |
| - | '' | + | * '''ACTN1''' encodes α-actinin-1 (aA1) which is a cytoskeletal isoform.<br /> |
| + | * '''ACTN2''' encodes an isoform aA2 found in cardiac and skeletal muscles. For more details on ACTN2 see [[Group:MUZIC:actinin2]].<br /> | ||
| + | * '''ACTN3''' encodes aA3 which anchors actin at the muscle Z-disk.<br /> | ||
| + | * '''ACTN4''' encodes aA4 which is found in the cytoplasm and is thought to be involved in metastasis. <br /> | ||
| + | * '''beta-ACTN''' regulates cell migration and gene expression through control of the cellular G-actin pool<ref>PMID:21900491</ref>.<br /> | ||
| - | == | + | == Structural highlights == |
| - | + | Actinin contain <scene name='43/430017/Cv/3'>four 3-helix bundles</scene> which are called spectrin repeat (SR).<ref>PMID:16698282</ref> SR are found in proteins belonging to the cytoskeletal structure like spectrin and dystrophin. | |
| + | == 3D Structures of Actinin == | ||
| + | [[Actinin 3D structures]] | ||
| - | + | </StructureSection> | |
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| + | == References == | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Topic Page]] | [[Category:Topic Page]] | ||
Current revision
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References
- ↑ Sjoblom B, Salmazo A, Djinovic-Carugo K. Alpha-actinin structure and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Sep;65(17):2688-701. doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8080-8. PMID:18488141 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-8080-8
- ↑ Bunnell TM, Burbach BJ, Shimizu Y, Ervasti JM. β-Actin specifically controls cell growth, migration, and the G-actin pool. Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Nov;22(21):4047-58. PMID:21900491 doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-06-0582
- ↑ Borrego-Diaz E, Kerff F, Lee SH, Ferron F, Li Y, Dominguez R. Crystal structure of the actin-binding domain of alpha-actinin 1: evaluating two competing actin-binding models. J Struct Biol. 2006 Aug;155(2):230-8. Epub 2006 Apr 25. PMID:16698282 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.01.013
