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| - | [[Image:1qzq.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1qzq" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" | |
| - | caption="1qzq, resolution 2.40Å" /> | |
| - | '''human Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase'''<br /> | |
| | | | |
| - | ==Overview== | + | ==human Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase== |
| - | Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) is involved in the repair of DNA lesions created by topoisomerase I in vivo. Tdp1 is a member of the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily of enzymes and hydrolyzes 3'-phosphotyrosyl bonds to generate 3'-phosphate DNA and free tyrosine in vitro. Here, we use synthetic 3'-(4-nitro)phenyl, 3'-(4-methyl)phenyl, and 3'-tyrosine phosphate oligonucleotides to study human Tdp1. Kinetic analysis of human Tdp1 (hTdp1) shows that the enzyme has nanomolar affinity for all three substrates and the overall in vitro reaction is diffusion-limited. Analysis of active-site mutants using these modified substrates demonstrates that hTdp1 uses an acid/base catalytic mechanism. The results show that histidine 493 serves as the general acid during the initial transesterification, in agreement with hypotheses based on previous crystal structure models. The results also argue that lysine 495 and asparagine 516 participate in the general acid reaction, and the analysis of crystal structures suggests that these residues may function in a proton relay. Together with previous crystal structure data, the new functional data provide a mechanistic understanding of the conserved histidine, lysine and asparagine residues found among all PLD family members. | + | <StructureSection load='1qzq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1qzq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> |
| | + | == Structural highlights == |
| | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1qzq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1QZQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1QZQ FirstGlance]. <br> |
| | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4Å</td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1qzq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1qzq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1qzq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1qzq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1qzq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1qzq ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | + | </table> |
| | + | == Disease == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TYDP1_HUMAN TYDP1_HUMAN] Defects in TDP1 are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/607250 607250]. SCAN1 is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) associated with peripheral axonal motor and sensory neuropathy, distal muscular atrophy, pes cavus and steppage gait as seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. All affected individuals have normal intelligence.<ref>PMID:16141202</ref> <ref>PMID:15647511</ref> <ref>PMID:12244316</ref> <ref>PMID:17948061</ref> <ref>PMID:15920477</ref> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TYDP1_HUMAN TYDP1_HUMAN] DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 3'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 3' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead-end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase I active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 3'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 3' ends on DNA double-strand breaks due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. Acts on blunt-ended double-strand DNA breaks and on single-stranded DNA. Has low 3'exonuclease activity and can remove a single nucleoside from the 3'end of DNA and RNA molecules with 3'hydroxyl groups. Has no exonuclease activity towards DNA or RNA with a 3'phosphate.<ref>PMID:12023295</ref> <ref>PMID:15111055</ref> <ref>PMID:15811850</ref> <ref>PMID:16141202</ref> <ref>PMID:22822062</ref> |
| | + | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | + | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | + | Check<jmol> |
| | + | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/qz/1qzq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | + | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | + | </jmolCheckbox> |
| | + | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1qzq ConSurf]. |
| | + | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| | | | |
| - | ==Disease== | + | ==See Also== |
| - | Known disease associated with this structure: Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive with axonal neuropathy OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=607198 607198]]
| + | *[[Phosphodiesterase 3D structures|Phosphodiesterase 3D structures]] |
| - | | + | == References == |
| - | ==About this Structure== | + | <references/> |
| - | 1QZQ is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1QZQ OCA].
| + | __TOC__ |
| - | | + | </StructureSection> |
| - | ==Reference==
| + | |
| - | Analysis of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I catalytic residues., Raymond AC, Rideout MC, Staker B, Hjerrild K, Burgin AB Jr, J Mol Biol. 2004 May 14;338(5):895-906. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=15111055 15111055]
| + | |
| | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Single protein]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Hjerrild, K.]] | + | [[Category: Burgin Jr AB]] |
| - | [[Category: Jr., A B.Burgin.]] | + | [[Category: Hjerrild K]] |
| - | [[Category: Raymond, A C.]] | + | [[Category: Raymond AC]] |
| - | [[Category: Rideout, M C.]] | + | [[Category: Rideout MC]] |
| - | [[Category: Staker, B.]] | + | [[Category: Staker B]] |
| - | [[Category: dna repair]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: replication]]
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Feb 21 14:45:28 2008''
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
TYDP1_HUMAN Defects in TDP1 are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) [MIM:607250. SCAN1 is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) associated with peripheral axonal motor and sensory neuropathy, distal muscular atrophy, pes cavus and steppage gait as seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. All affected individuals have normal intelligence.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Function
TYDP1_HUMAN DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 3'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 3' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead-end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase I active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 3'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 3' ends on DNA double-strand breaks due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. Acts on blunt-ended double-strand DNA breaks and on single-stranded DNA. Has low 3'exonuclease activity and can remove a single nucleoside from the 3'end of DNA and RNA molecules with 3'hydroxyl groups. Has no exonuclease activity towards DNA or RNA with a 3'phosphate.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
See Also
References
- ↑ Interthal H, Chen HJ, Champoux JJ. Human Tdp1 cleaves a broad spectrum of substrates, including phosphoamide linkages. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36518-28. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID:16141202 doi:M508898200
- ↑ Zhou T, Lee JW, Tatavarthi H, Lupski JR, Valerie K, Povirk LF. Deficiency in 3'-phosphoglycolate processing in human cells with a hereditary mutation in tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1). Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 12;33(1):289-97. Print 2005. PMID:15647511 doi:33/1/289
- ↑ Takashima H, Boerkoel CF, John J, Saifi GM, Salih MA, Armstrong D, Mao Y, Quiocho FA, Roa BB, Nakagawa M, Stockton DW, Lupski JR. Mutation of TDP1, encoding a topoisomerase I-dependent DNA damage repair enzyme, in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy. Nat Genet. 2002 Oct;32(2):267-72. Epub 2002 Sep 16. PMID:12244316 doi:10.1038/ng987
- ↑ Hirano R, Interthal H, Huang C, Nakamura T, Deguchi K, Choi K, Bhattacharjee MB, Arimura K, Umehara F, Izumo S, Northrop JL, Salih MA, Inoue K, Armstrong DL, Champoux JJ, Takashima H, Boerkoel CF. Spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy: consequence of a Tdp1 recessive neomorphic mutation? EMBO J. 2007 Nov 14;26(22):4732-43. Epub 2007 Oct 18. PMID:17948061 doi:7601885
- ↑ Interthal H, Chen HJ, Kehl-Fie TE, Zotzmann J, Leppard JB, Champoux JJ. SCAN1 mutant Tdp1 accumulates the enzyme--DNA intermediate and causes camptothecin hypersensitivity. EMBO J. 2005 Jun 15;24(12):2224-33. Epub 2005 May 26. PMID:15920477 doi:7600694
- ↑ Inamdar KV, Pouliot JJ, Zhou T, Lees-Miller SP, Rasouli-Nia A, Povirk LF. Conversion of phosphoglycolate to phosphate termini on 3' overhangs of DNA double strand breaks by the human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase hTdp1. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 26;277(30):27162-8. Epub 2002 May 21. PMID:12023295 doi:10.1074/jbc.M204688200
- ↑ Raymond AC, Rideout MC, Staker B, Hjerrild K, Burgin AB Jr. Analysis of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I catalytic residues. J Mol Biol. 2004 May 14;338(5):895-906. PMID:15111055 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.013
- ↑ Raymond AC, Staker BL, Burgin AB Jr. Substrate specificity of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1). J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 10;280(23):22029-35. Epub 2005 Apr 4. PMID:15811850 doi:M502148200
- ↑ Interthal H, Chen HJ, Champoux JJ. Human Tdp1 cleaves a broad spectrum of substrates, including phosphoamide linkages. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36518-28. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID:16141202 doi:M508898200
- ↑ Gao R, Huang SY, Marchand C, Pommier Y. Biochemical characterization of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2/TTRAP): a Mg(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent phosphodiesterase specific for the repair of topoisomerase cleavage complexes. J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 31;287(36):30842-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.393983. Epub, 2012 Jul 20. PMID:22822062 doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.393983
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