3brt

Structural highlights

Disease

IKKA_HUMAN The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

IKKB_HUMAN Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. In addition to the NF-kappa-B inhibitors, phosphorylates several other components of the signaling pathway including NEMO/IKBKG, NF-kappa-B subunits RELA and NFKB1, as well as IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE. IKK-related kinase phosphorylations may prevent the overproduction of inflammatory mediators since they exert a negative regulation on canonical IKKs. Also phosphorylates other substrates including NCOA3, BCL10 and IRS1. Within the nucleus, acts as an adapter protein for NFKBIA degradation in UV-induced NF-kappa-B activation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} IKKA_HUMAN Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Negatively regulates the pathway by phosphorylating the scaffold protein TAXBP1 and thus promoting the assembly of the A20/TNFAIP3 ubiquitin-editing complex (composed of A20/TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1, and the E3 ligases ITCH and RNF11). Therefore, CHUK plays a key role in the negative feedback of NF-kappa-B canonical signaling to limit inflammatory gene activation. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. In turn, these complexes regulate genes encoding molecules involved in B-cell survival and lymphoid organogenesis. Participates also in the negative feedback of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathway by phosphorylating and destabilizing MAP3K14/NIK. Within the nucleus, phosphorylates CREBBP and consequently increases both its transcriptional and histone acetyltransferase activities. Modulates chromatin accessibility at NF-kappa-B-responsive promoters by phosphorylating histones H3 at 'Ser-10' that are subsequently acetylated at 'Lys-14' by CREBBP. Additionally, phosphorylates the CREBBP-interacting protein NCOA3. Also phosphorylates FOXO3 and may regulate this pro-apoptotic transcription factor (PubMed:15084260).^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Salmeron A, Janzen J, Soneji Y, Bump N, Kamens J, Allen H, Ley SC. Direct phosphorylation of NF-kappaB1 p105 by the IkappaB kinase complex on serine 927 is essential for signal-induced p105 proteolysis. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 22;276(25):22215-22. Epub 2001 Apr 10. PMID:11297557 doi:10.1074/jbc.M101754200
2. ↑ Lobry C, Lopez T, Israel A, Weil R. Negative feedback loop in T cell activation through IkappaB kinase-induced phosphorylation and degradation of Bcl10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 16;104(3):908-13. Epub 2007 Jan 9. PMID:17213322 doi:10.1073/pnas.0606982104
3. ↑ Cui J, Zhu L, Xia X, Wang HY, Legras X, Hong J, Ji J, Shen P, Zheng S, Chen ZJ, Wang RF. NLRC5 negatively regulates the NF-kappaB and type I interferon signaling pathways. Cell. 2010 Apr 30;141(3):483-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.040. PMID:20434986 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.040
4. ↑ Yoboua F, Martel A, Duval A, Mukawera E, Grandvaux N. Respiratory syncytial virus-mediated NF-kappa B p65 phosphorylation at serine 536 is dependent on RIG-I, TRAF6, and IKK beta. J Virol. 2010 Jul;84(14):7267-77. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00142-10. Epub 2010 Apr 21. PMID:20410276 doi:10.1128/JVI.00142-10
5. ↑ Tsuchiya Y, Asano T, Nakayama K, Kato T Jr, Karin M, Kamata H. Nuclear IKKbeta is an adaptor protein for IkappaBalpha ubiquitination and degradation in UV-induced NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell. 2010 Aug 27;39(4):570-82. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.030. PMID:20797629 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.030
6. ↑ Clark K, Peggie M, Plater L, Sorcek RJ, Young ER, Madwed JB, Hough J, McIver EG, Cohen P. Novel cross-talk within the IKK family controls innate immunity. Biochem J. 2011 Feb 15;434(1):93-104. doi: 10.1042/BJ20101701. PMID:21138416 doi:10.1042/BJ20101701
7. ↑ Yamamoto Y, Verma UN, Prajapati S, Kwak YT, Gaynor RB. Histone H3 phosphorylation by IKK-alpha is critical for cytokine-induced gene expression. Nature. 2003 Jun 5;423(6940):655-9. PMID:12789342 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01576
8. ↑ Hu MC, Lee DF, Xia W, Golfman LS, Ou-Yang F, Yang JY, Zou Y, Bao S, Hanada N, Saso H, Kobayashi R, Hung MC. IkappaB kinase promotes tumorigenesis through inhibition of forkhead FOXO3a. Cell. 2004 Apr 16;117(2):225-37. PMID:15084260
9. ↑ Huang WC, Ju TK, Hung MC, Chen CC. Phosphorylation of CBP by IKKalpha promotes cell growth by switching the binding preference of CBP from p53 to NF-kappaB. Mol Cell. 2007 Apr 13;26(1):75-87. PMID:17434128 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.019
10. ↑ Cui J, Zhu L, Xia X, Wang HY, Legras X, Hong J, Ji J, Shen P, Zheng S, Chen ZJ, Wang RF. NLRC5 negatively regulates the NF-kappaB and type I interferon signaling pathways. Cell. 2010 Apr 30;141(3):483-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.040. PMID:20434986 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.040
11. ↑ Razani B, Zarnegar B, Ytterberg AJ, Shiba T, Dempsey PW, Ware CF, Loo JA, Cheng G. Negative feedback in noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling modulates NIK stability through IKKalpha-mediated phosphorylation. Sci Signal. 2010 May 25;3(123):ra41. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000778. PMID:20501937 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000778
12. ↑ Shembade N, Pujari R, Harhaj NS, Abbott DW, Harhaj EW. The kinase IKKalpha inhibits activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB by phosphorylating the regulatory molecule TAX1BP1. Nat Immunol. 2011 Jul 17;12(9):834-43. doi: 10.1038/ni.2066. PMID:21765415 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2066