2dh4

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[[Image:2dh4.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="2dh4" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
 
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caption="2dh4, resolution 1.98&Aring;" />
 
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'''Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase'''<br />
 
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==Overview==
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==Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase==
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Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPs) catalyzes a condensation reaction of farnesyl pyrophosphate with isopentenyl pyrophosphate to generate C(20) geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, which is a precursor for carotenoids, chlorophylls, geranylgeranylated proteins, and archaeal ether-linked lipid. For short-chain trans-prenyltransferases that synthesize C(10)-C(25) products, bulky amino acid residues generally occupy the fourth or fifth position upstream from the first DDXXD motif to block further elongation of the final products. However, the short-chain type-III GGPPs in eukaryotes lack any large amino acid at these positions. In this study, the first structure of type-III GGPPs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined to 1.98 A resolution. The structure is composed entirely of 15 alpha-helices joined by connecting loops and is arranged with alpha-helices around a large central cavity. Distinct from other known structures of trans-prenyltransferases, the N-terminal 17 amino acids (9-amino acid helix A and the following loop) of this GGPPs protrude from the helix core into the other subunit and contribute to the tight dimer formation. Deletion of the first 9 or 17 amino acids caused the dissociation of dimer into monomer, and the Delta(1-17) mutant showed abolished enzyme activity. In each subunit, an elongated hydrophobic crevice surrounded by D, F, G, H, and I alpha-helices contains two DDXXD motifs at the top for substrate binding with one Mg(2+) coordinated by Asp(75), Asp(79), and four water molecules. It is sealed at the bottom with three large residues of Tyr(107), Phe(108), and His(139). Compared with the major product C(30) synthesized by mutant H139A, the products generated by mutant Y107A and F108A are predominantly C(40) and C(30), respectively, suggesting the most important role of Tyr(107) in determining the product chain length.
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<StructureSection load='2dh4' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2dh4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.98&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2dh4]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2DH4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2DH4 FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.98&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2dh4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2dh4 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2dh4 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2dh4 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2dh4 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2dh4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GGPPS_YEAST GGPPS_YEAST] Catalyzes the trans-addition of the 3 molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Required for the membrane attachment of YPT1 and SEC4. May be involved in vesicle trafficking and protein sorting.<ref>PMID:7665600</ref> <ref>PMID:15296494</ref>
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/dh/2dh4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2dh4 ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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==About this Structure==
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==See Also==
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2DH4 is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae] with <scene name='pdbligand=MG:'>MG</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligand ligand]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesyltranstransferase Farnesyltranstransferase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.5.1.29 2.5.1.29] Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2DH4 OCA].
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*[[Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 3D structures|Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 3D structures]]
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== References ==
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==Reference==
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<references/>
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Crystal structure of type-III geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mechanism of product chain length determination., Chang TH, Guo RT, Ko TP, Wang AH, Liang PH, J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14991-5000. Epub 2006 Mar 22. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=16554305 16554305]
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__TOC__
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[[Category: Farnesyltranstransferase]]
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</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
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[[Category: Single protein]]
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[[Category: Chang T-H]]
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[[Category: Chang, T H.]]
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[[Category: Guo R-T]]
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[[Category: Guo, R T.]]
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[[Category: Ko T-P]]
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[[Category: Ko, T P.]]
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[[Category: Liang P-H]]
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[[Category: Liang, P H.]]
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[[Category: Wang AH]]
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[[Category: Wang, A H.]]
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[[Category: MG]]
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[[Category: alpha helix]]
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[[Category: prenyl transferase]]
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[[Category: pyrophosphate]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Feb 21 16:58:48 2008''
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Current revision

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

PDB ID 2dh4

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