GTP-binding protein

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[[Image:2nzj.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of GTP-binding protein Rem1 complex with nucleotide [[2nzj]]]]
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='46/463251/Cv/10' caption='E. coli small GTP-binding protein ERA complex with GDP and sulfate (PDB code [[3ieu]])'>
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{{STRUCTURE_3cbq| PDB=3cbq | SIZE=350| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=GTP-binding protein Rem2 complex with GDP, ethylene glycol and Mg+2 ion [[3cbq]] }}
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__TOC__
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== Function ==
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'''GTP-binding proteins''' or '''G proteins''' are transmitting signals outside the cell which cause changes within the cell. They act as molecular switches which are on when binding GTP and off when binding GDP. GTP-binding proteins belong to two families: '''heterotrimeric G proteins'''<ref>PMID:14762218</ref> see [[Transducin]] and '''small GTPases'''<ref>PMID:11152757</ref>.
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*'''Small GTPase''' structure is homologous to that of the α subunit of heterotrimeric G protein. See details on '''small GTP-binding protein LepA''' in [[LepA]].
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*'''Nucleolar GTP-binding proteins''' are involved in the biogenesis of ribosome<ref>PMID:24552710</ref>.
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*'''Heterotrimeric G protein or guanine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein''' (GNBP) are heterodimeric membrane proteins composed of α, β and γ subunits. GNBP is involved in mammalian cellular signaling pathways. GNBP α subunit binds GDP or GTP. When bound to GTP it dissociates from the β and γ subunits, binds to adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. See also<br />
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[[G protein-coupled receptor]]<br />
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[[Beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex updated]]<br />
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[[Dedicator of cytokinesis protein]]
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== Disease ==
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Mutations in heterotrimeric G protein α subunit were identified in endocrine tumors and in McCune-Albright syndrome<ref>PMID:11720871</ref>.
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== Relevance ==
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Rho-related small GTP-binding protein is inhibited by the antifungal drug [[Cancidas]]<ref>PMID:28760907</ref>.
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== Structural highlights ==
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''E. coli'' <scene name='46/463251/Cv/11'>small GTPase ERA binds GDP in a cavity</scene> formed by <scene name='46/463251/Cv/9'>7 highly conserved regions G1, G4, G5</scene><ref>PMID:19706445</ref>. <scene name='46/463251/Cv/8'>GDP binding site</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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'''GTP-binding proteins''' or '''G proteins''' are transmitting signals outside the cell which cause changes within the cell. They act as molecular switches which are on when binding GTP and off when binding GDP. GTP-binding proteins belong to two families: heterotrimeric G proteins and small GTPases. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative G protein, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of human GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide ([[2nzj]]). See details on GTP-binding protein LpeD in [[LepA]].
 
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{{Template:GPCR3sn6}}
 
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{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
 
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== 3D Structures of GTP-binding protein ==
== 3D Structures of GTP-binding protein ==
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[[GTP-binding protein 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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__NOTOC__
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===GTP-binding protein===
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[[3r7w]] – yGtr1 + Gtr2 – yeast<br />
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[[2eki]] – hGBP TGS domain – NMR - human<br />
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[[3kxk]], [[3kxl]] – SsHflx (mutant) - ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
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[[2qtf]] – SsHflx<br />
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[[1ega]] – EcERA – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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[[2dyk]] – TtEngA N terminal – ''Thermus thermophilus'' - Cryo EM<br />
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[[3cb4]] - EcLepA<br />
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[[2ywe]] – AaLepA<br />
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[[1sul]] – BsYsxC - ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
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[[2dwq]] – TtYchF<br />
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[[1udx]] – TtObg<br />
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[[1wxq]] – GBP – ''Pyrococcus horikoshii''<br />
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[[1ni3]] – YchF – ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe''
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===GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide===
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[[2nzj]] – hRem1 + GDP<br />
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[[3cbq]] – hRem2 + GDP<br />
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[[3q85]] – hRem2 G domain + GTP analog<br />
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[[2cjw]], [[2ht6]], [[2g3y]] – hGem G domain + GDP<br />
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[[2ohf]] – hOla1 + AMP-PCP<br />
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[[1xtq]] – hRheB + GDP<br />
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[[1xts]] - hRheB + GTP<br />
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[[1xtr]] - hRheB + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1e0a]] – hGBP (mutant) + GIP<br />
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[[2b8w]], [[2d4h]] – hGBP N terminal + GMP<br />
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[[2b92]] - hGBP N terminal + GDP<br />
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[[2bc9]] - hGBP N terminal + GPPNHP<br />
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[[3kxi]], [[2qth]] – SsHflx + GDP<br />
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[[3ieu]] – EcERA + GDP <br />
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[[3iev]] – AaERA + RNA + Mg-GNP – ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
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[[1x1l]] – TtERA + RNA – Cryo EM<br />
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[[2ywf]] – AaLepA + GMP-PNP<br />
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[[2ywg]] - AaLepA + GTP<br />
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[[2ywh]] - AaLepA + GDP<br />
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[[1yzn]] – yPt1 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1ky2]] – yPt7 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1ky3]] – yPt7 + GDP<br />
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[[3rwm]], [[3rwo]] – yPt32 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1ek0]] – yPt51 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[2hjg]] – BsEngA + GDP<br />
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[[1svi]] – BsYsxC + GDP<br />
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[[1svw]] – BsYsxC + GMPPNP<br />
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[[1lnz]] – BsObg + GTP<br />
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[[2dby]] – TtYchF + GDP<br />
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[[1wf3]] – Tt1341 + GNP<br />
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[[2gao]] - hSar1A + GDP<br />
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[[2fa9]] – ChSar1B (mutant) + GDP – Chinese hamster<br />
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[[2fmx]] - ChSar1B + GDP<br />
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[[1byu]] – Ran + GDP - dog<br />
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===GTP-binding protein complex with protein===
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[[1x18]] – TtERA + RNA + RPS2 + RPS7 + RPS11 + RPS18 – Cryo EM<br />
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[[3deg]] – EcLepA + A-tRNA + P-tRNA + RPS12 + RPL11 – Cryo EM<br />
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[[3cue]] – yPt1 + transport protein subunits<br />
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[[2bcg]], [[1ukv]] - yPt1 + secretory pathway GDP-dissociation inhibitor<br />
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[[3cpj]] – yPt31 + Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor<br />
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[[1m2o]] – ySar1 + protein transport protein sec23<br />
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[[3syn]] – BsFlhf + ATP-binding protein<br />
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===G protein bound to a G protein-coupled receptor===
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[[3sn6]] - human β-2 adrenergic receptor + cameloid antibody fragment bound by guanine nucleotide-binding protein G. '''This is the first structure of an activated [[G protein-coupled receptor]] in a complex with its G protein.'''
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===Ras-related GTP-binding protein===
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[[3llu]] – hC nucleotide-binding domain<br />
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===Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide===
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[[2l0x]] – Rheb + GDP – rat<br />
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[[2gjs]] – hRad1 + GDP<br />
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[[3q72]], [[3q7p]], [[3q7q]] – hRad G-domain + GTP analog<br />
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[[2dpx]] – hRad GTPase domain<br />
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[[2gf0]] – hDiRas1 + GDP<br />
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[[2erx]] – hDiRas2 + Pi + GDP<br />
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[[1x3s]] – hRab-18 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1yu9]] - hRab-4A + GPPNHP<br />
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[[2atx]] – hTc10 + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1g16]] – ySec4 + GDP<br />
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[[1g17]] - ySec4 + GIP<br />
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===Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with protein===
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[[3kuc]] – hRap-1A + proto oncogene Ser/Thr protein kinase<br />
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[[3cf6]] - hRap-1A + Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4<br />
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[[3brw]] - hRap-1B + Rap GTPase-activating protein<br />
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[[1z0k]] – hRab-4 + rabenosyn-5<br />
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===Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein===
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[[3ljb]] – hMx1 stalk region
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===Rho-related GTP-binding protein===
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[[2j1l]] – hRhoD
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===Rho-related GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide===
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[[2cls]] – hRho6 + GTP<br />
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[[2fv8]] - hRhoB + GDP<br />
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[[2gcn]] – hRhoC + GDP<br />
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[[2gco]] – hRhoC + GPPNHP<br />
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[[1z2c]] - hRhoC (mutant) + GMPPNP<br />
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[[2gcp]] – hRhoC + GSP<br />
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[[1m7b]] - hRhoE + GTP<br />
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[[1gwn]] - RhoE + GTP - mouse<br />
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[[1a4r]] - hCdc42 (mutant) + GDP<br />
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[[1an0]] - hCdc42 + GDP<br />
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[[2qrz]] - hCdc42 + GCP<br />
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===Rho-related GTP-binding protein complex with protein===
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[[2v55]] – hRhoE + Rho-associated protein kinase<br />
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[[3q3j]] – hRho6 + plexin-A2 nucleotide-binding domain<br />
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[[2rex]] – hRho6 + plexin-B1<br />
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[[1cc0]] – hRhoA + GDP-dissociation inhibitor + GDP<br />
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[[3a58]] – yRho1 (mutant) + exocyst complex component Sec3<br />
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[[1gzs]] – Cdc42 + guanine nucleotide exchange factor – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br />
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[[2kb0]] - hCdc42 (mutant)<br />
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[[1kz7]] - hCdc42 + guanine nucleotide exchange factor<br />
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[[1kzg]] - hCdc42 (mutant) + guanine nucleotide exchange factor (mutant)<br />
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[[2dfk]] – hCdc42 + collybistin II<br />
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[[2wm9]], [[2wmn]], [[2wmo]] - hCdc42 + DOCK9<br />
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[[3eg5]] - hCdc42 + protein diaphanous homolog 1 + GMPPNP<br />
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[[3gcg]] - hCdc42 + MAP<br />
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[[3n3v]] - hCdc42 + AMP-protein transferase<br />
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[[1nf3]] - hCdc42 + Par6<br />
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[[2ase]] - hCdc42 (mutant) - NMR<br />
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[[1ki1]] – hCdc42 + intersectin long form<br />
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[[1ees]] – hCdc42 + MapK3 peptide - NMR<br />
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[[1doa]] - hCdc42 + GDP-dissociation inhibitor<br />
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[[2ngr]] – hCdc42 + GTPase-activating protein C terminal + GDP<br />
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[[1am4]] – hCdc42 + GTPase-activating protein rhoGAP + GNP<br />
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[[1grn]] – hCdc42 + GTPase-activating protein rhoGAP + GDP<br />
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[[1cf4]] – hCdc42 (mutant) + ACK GTPase-binding domain + GNP - NMR<br />
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[[1cee]] – hCdc42 + WASP GTPase-binding domain + GCP - NMR<br />
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[[2odb]] – hCdc42 + PAK6 CRIB domain + GCP <br />
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[[3qbv]] – hCdc42 (mutant) + intersectin + GDP <br />
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[[4did]] – hCdc42 + inositol phosphate phosphatase + GDP <br />
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[[1cf4]] – hCdc42 (mutant) + dedicator of cytokinesis protein 8<br />
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[[4itr]] – hCdc42 + AMP-protein transferase + GDP + AMP<br />
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===Rac-like GTP-binding protein===
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[[2wbl]] – AtArac2 + Rho of plant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 8 – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
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[[3bwd]] – AtArac6<br />
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[[2nty]] – AtArac5 + prone8<br />
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[[2j0v]] – AtArac7 (mutant)<br />
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===Rab-related GTP-binding protein===
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[[2ys8]] – hRabJ DNAJ domain – NMR<br />
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===Flagella-associated GTP-binding protein===
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[[2px0]] – BsFlhF + GMP-PNP <br />
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[[2px3]] – BsFlhF + GTP<br />
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===GTP-binding protein Ran===
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''Ran binary complex''
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[[3gj0]] – hRan + GDP<br />
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[[1i2m]] – hRan + regulator of chromosome condensation 1<br />
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''Ran ternary complex''
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[[1rrp]] – hRan + Nup358 + GTP analog<br />
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[[1qbk]] – hRan + karyopherin β2 + GTP analog<br />
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[[1ibr]] – hRan + importin β1 subunit + GTP analog<br />
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[[3ea5]] – hRan (mutant) + importin β1 subunit + GDP <br />
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[[3nc1]] – hRan (mutant) + exportin 1 + GTP <br />
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[[3ch5]], [[3gj3]], [[3gj4]], [[3gj5]], [[3gj6]], [[3gj7]], [[3gj8]] – hRan + Nup153 + GDP<br />
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''Ran quaternary complex''
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[[3gjx]] – hRan + snurportin 1 + exportin 1 + GTP <br />
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[[3nby]], [[3nbz]], [[3nc0]] – hRan (mutant) + snurportin 1 + exportin 1 + GTP <br />
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[[1k5d]] – hRan + Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein + Ran GTPase activating protein 1 + GTP analog<br />
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[[1k5g]] – hRan + Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein + Ran GTPase activating protein 1 + GDP <br />
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[[4gpt]], [[4gmx]], [[4hat]], [[4hb2]], [[4hb3]] – hRan + Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein + exportin 1 + GNP <br />
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[[4hat]], [[4hau]], [[4hav]], [[4haw]], [[4hax]], [[4hay]], [[4haz]], [[4hb0]], [[4hb4]] – hRan + Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein + exportin 1 + GNP + antibiotic<br />
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[[3zjy]] – hRan (mutant) + importin 13 + EIF-1A + GTP <br />
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==See Also==
==See Also==
* [[G protein-coupled receptor]]
* [[G protein-coupled receptor]]
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== References ==
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
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<references/>
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[[Category:Topic Page]] [[Category:G protein]]

Current revision

E. coli small GTP-binding protein ERA complex with GDP and sulfate (PDB code 3ieu)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate


See Also

References

  1. ↑ Preininger AM, Hamm HE. G protein signaling: insights from new structures. Sci STKE. 2004 Jan 27;2004(218):re3. PMID:14762218 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.2182004re3
  2. ↑ Takai Y, Sasaki T, Matozaki T. Small GTP-binding proteins. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jan;81(1):153-208. PMID:11152757
  3. ↑ Kim YI, Bandyopadhyay J, Cho I, Lee J, Park DH, Cho JH. Nucleolar GTPase NOG-1 regulates development, fat storage, and longevity through insulin/IGF signaling in C. elegans. Mol Cells. 2014 Jan;37(1):51-7. PMID:24552710 doi:10.14348/molcells.2014.2251
  4. ↑ Lania A, Mantovani G, Spada A. G protein mutations in endocrine diseases. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001 Nov;145(5):543-59. PMID:11720871
  5. ↑ Moreno-Velasquez SD, Seidel C, Juvvadi PR, Steinbach WJ, Read ND. Caspofungin-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Paradoxical Growth in Aspergillus fumigatus Involve Fungicidal Hyphal Tip Lysis Coupled with Regenerative Intrahyphal Growth and Dynamic Changes in beta-1,3-Glucan Synthase Localization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Sep 22;61(10). pii: AAC.00710-17. doi:, 10.1128/AAC.00710-17. Print 2017 Oct. PMID:28760907 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00710-17
  6. ↑ Tu C, Zhou X, Tropea JE, Austin BP, Waugh DS, Court DL, Ji X. Structure of ERA in complex with the 3' end of 16S rRNA: implications for ribosome biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 1;106(35):14843-8. Epub 2009 Aug 17. PMID:19706445
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