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4gls

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{{STRUCTURE_4gls| PDB=4gls | SCENE= }}
 
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===Crystal Structure of Chemically Synthesized Heterochiral {D-Protein Antagonist plus VEGF-A} Protein Complex in space group P21===
 
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==Disease==
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==Crystal Structure of Chemically Synthesized Heterochiral {D-Protein Antagonist plus VEGF-A} Protein Complex in space group P21==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN]] Defects in VEGFA are a cause of susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 1 (MVCD1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603933 603933]]. These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.
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<StructureSection load='4gls' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4gls]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.60&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4gls]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4GLS OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4GLS FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.6&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DAL:D-ALANINE'>DAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DAR:D-ARGININE'>DAR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DAS:D-ASPARTIC+ACID'>DAS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DCY:D-CYSTEINE'>DCY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DGL:D-GLUTAMIC+ACID'>DGL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DGN:D-GLUTAMINE'>DGN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DHI:D-HISTIDINE'>DHI</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DIL:D-ISOLEUCINE'>DIL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DLE:D-LEUCINE'>DLE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DLY:D-LYSINE'>DLY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DPN:D-PHENYLALANINE'>DPN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DPR:D-PROLINE'>DPR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DSG:D-ASPARAGINE'>DSG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DSN:D-SERINE'>DSN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DTH:D-THREONINE'>DTH</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DTR:D-TRYPTOPHAN'>DTR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DTY:D-TYROSINE'>DTY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DVA:D-VALINE'>DVA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MED:D-METHIONINE'>MED</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PEG:DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER'>PEG</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4gls FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4gls OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4gls PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4gls RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4gls PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4gls ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Disease ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN] Defects in VEGFA are a cause of susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 1 (MVCD1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603933 603933]. These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN] Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.<ref>PMID:11427521</ref> <ref>PMID:15520188</ref> <ref>PMID:16489009</ref>
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==Function==
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==See Also==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN]] Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.<ref>PMID:11427521</ref> <ref>PMID:15520188</ref> <ref>PMID:16489009</ref>
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*[[VEGF 3D Structures|VEGF 3D Structures]]
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== References ==
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==About this Structure==
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<references/>
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[[4gls]] is a 8 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4GLS OCA].
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
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==Reference==
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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<references group="xtra"/><references/>
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Ault-Riche, D.]]
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[[Category: Ault-Riche D]]
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[[Category: Kenney, J.]]
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[[Category: Kenney J]]
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[[Category: Kent, S B.H.]]
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[[Category: Kent SBH]]
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[[Category: Lowitz, J.]]
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[[Category: Lowitz J]]
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[[Category: Mandal, K.]]
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[[Category: Mandal K]]
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[[Category: Sidhu, S.]]
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[[Category: Sidhu S]]
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[[Category: Uppalapati, M.]]
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[[Category: Uppalapati M]]
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[[Category: D-protein antagonist]]
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[[Category: Growth factor-inhibitor complex]]
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[[Category: Heterochiral protein-protein complex]]
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Current revision

Crystal Structure of Chemically Synthesized Heterochiral {D-Protein Antagonist plus VEGF-A} Protein Complex in space group P21

PDB ID 4gls

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