Lactoferrin

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{{STRUCTURE_1blf| PDB=1blf | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right| CAPTION=Glycosylated bovine lactoferrin complex with carbonate and Fe+3 ion (orange), [[1blf]] }}
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<StructureSection load='1bka' size='400' side='right' caption='Human lactoferrin complex with oxalate and Fe+3 ion (PDB entry [[1bka]])' scene='45/455488/Cv/1'>
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== Function ==
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'''Lactoferrin''' or '''lactotransferrin''' (LTF) is found in secretory fluids. LTF interacts with DNA, RNA, polysaccharides and heparin<ref>PMID:19519436</ref>. For detailed discussion of human lactoferrin see [[Human lactoferrin]].
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== Relevance ==
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LTF is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin. It is a component of the immune system and has antimicrobial activity<ref>PMID:14568385</ref>. LTF can be used as a marker for inflammatory bowel disease<ref>PMID:11866274</ref>.
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'''Lactoferrin''' (LTF) is found in secretory fluids. It is a component of the immune system and has antimicrobial activity. LTF interacts with DNA, RNA, polysaccharides and heparin. LTF is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin. For detailed discussion of human lactoferrin see [[Human lactoferrin]].
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== Structural highlights ==
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LTF is a bilobal protein with the <scene name='45/455488/Cv/7'>N-terminal half and the C-terminal half called N-lobe and C-lobe</scene>. LTF binds with high affinity Fe+3 ion and an anion in both its N-lobe and its C-lobe<ref>PMID:8703903</ref>. The binding site is between the 2 domains of each lobe.
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== 3D Structures of lactoferrin ==
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<scene name='45/455488/Cv/8'>N-lobe binding site</scene>.
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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The <scene name='45/455488/Cv/9'>anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion</scene>.
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===Apo lactoferrin===
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<scene name='45/455488/Cv/10'>C-lobe binding site</scene>.
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[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR />
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The <scene name='45/455488/Cv/11'>anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion</scene>.
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[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR />
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[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR />
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</StructureSection>
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[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR />
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== 3D Structures of lactoferrin ==
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[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br />
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[[1y58]], [[1y5c]] - bLTF residues 4-14 – NMR<br />
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br />
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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===Lactoferrin===
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*Apo lactoferrin
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[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR />
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**[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR />
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[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR />
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**[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR />
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[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR />
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[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br />
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**[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR />
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[[1qjm]] – hoLTF + 2Sm<BR />
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**[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br />
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[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR />
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**[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br />
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[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br />
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[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br />
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[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR />
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[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR />
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[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br />
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[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat
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===Lactoferrin binary complex===
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*Lactoferrin
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[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br />
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[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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[[4ned]] - bLTF C lobe + fenoprofen + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR />
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[[3rgy]] - bLTF C lobe + lipopolysaccharide + Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR />
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[[3kj7]], [[3k0v]], [[2q8j]], [[2o51]], [[2nwj]], [[2dxy]], [[2dwj]], [[2dsf]], [[2ds9]], [[2hca]], [[2dqv]], [[2dp8]], [[2g93]], [[2ays]], [[2alu]], [[2dwi]], [[2dyx]], [[2o1l]], [[2p1s]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br />
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[[2o1l]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + Zn + Fe<BR />
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**[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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[[2fa7]], [[2b65]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 3Zn + Fe<BR />
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**[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR />
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[[2dvc]], [[2dwa]], [[2dwh]], [[2e0s]], [[2e1s]], [[2h4i]], [[2px1]] - bLTF C lobe + saccharide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR />
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[[2dxr]] - bLTF C lobe + sorbitol+ 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[5cry]], [[5hbc]], [[7enu]], [[7equ]], [[7ev0]], [[7evq]], [[7fdw]] - bLTF C lobe + Fe+3<br />
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[[3iaz]], [[3ib0]], [[3ib1]] - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3e9x]], [[2qje]], [[2zmb]], [[3crb]], [[2nuv]], [[4fim]], [[4fjp]], [[4for]], [[4g2z]], [[4g77]], [[4g8h]], [[4grk]], [[3taj]] - bLTF C lobe + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br />
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[[3o97]], [[3mjn]], [[3cfl]], [[2ocu]], [[3tod]], [[3tus]] – bLTF C lobe + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1qjm]] – hoLTF + 2Sm<BR />
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[[3ib2]] - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR />
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[[2doj]] - bLTF C lobe + adenosine + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br />
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[[3ugw]] - bLTF C lobe + deoxycytidine + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat
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[[3ci8]] - bLTF C lobe + niacin + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[2r9j]] - bLTF C lobe + nicotinamide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[2r71]] - bLTF C lobe + inositol + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3uk4]] - bLTF C lobe + pentatriol + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3usd]] - bLTF C lobe + pyridine derivative + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3ttr]] - bLTF C lobe + anasthetic + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3vdf]] - bLTF C lobe + diaminopimelic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[4dxu]] - bLTF C lobe + caproic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3v5a]] - bLTF C lobe + γ-amino butyric acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3u72]], [[4dig]] - bLTF C lobe + polypeptide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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[[3ptl]] – bLTF peptide + proteinase K<BR />
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[[1bjr]] - buLTF peptide + proteinase K<BR />
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[[1b7z]] - hoLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR />
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[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br />
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[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR />
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[[1bka]] - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR />
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[[1lcf]] - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate<BR />
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[[2pms]] – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe<br />
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*Lactoferrin complex
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**[[1bka]] - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR />
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**[[7jrd]] - hLTF + 2Fe + LTF-binding protein<br />
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**[[7n88]] - hLTF + 2Fe + LTF-binding protein – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[1lcf]] - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate<BR />
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**[[2pms]] – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe<br />
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**[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[4ned]] - bLTF C lobe + fenoprofen + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3rgy]] - bLTF C lobe + lipopolysaccharide + Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3kj7]], [[3k0v]], [[2q8j]], [[2o51]], [[2nwj]], [[2dxy]], [[2dwj]], [[2dsf]], [[2ds9]], [[2hca]], [[2dqv]], [[2dp8]], [[2g93]], [[2ays]], [[2alu]], [[2dwi]], [[2dyx]], [[2o1l]], [[2p1s]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2o1l]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + Zn + Fe<BR />
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**[[2fa7]], [[2b65]] - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 3Zn + Fe<BR />
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**[[2dvc]], [[2dwa]], [[2dwh]], [[2e0s]], [[2e1s]], [[2h4i]], [[2px1]] - bLTF C lobe + saccharide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2dxr]] - bLTF C lobe + sorbitol+ 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3iaz]], [[3ib0]], [[3ib1]] - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3e9x]], [[2qje]], [[2zmb]], [[3crb]], [[2nuv]], [[4fim]], [[4fjp]], [[4for]], [[4g2z]], [[4g77]], [[4g8h]], [[4grk]], [[3taj]] - bLTF C lobe + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3o97]], [[3mjn]], [[3cfl]], [[2ocu]], [[3tod]], [[3tus]] – bLTF C lobe + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3ib2]] - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2doj]] - bLTF C lobe + adenosine + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3ugw]] - bLTF C lobe + deoxycytidine + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3ci8]] - bLTF C lobe + niacin + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2r9j]] - bLTF C lobe + nicotinamide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[2r71]] - bLTF C lobe + inositol + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3uk4]] - bLTF C lobe + pentatriol + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3usd]] - bLTF C lobe + pyridine derivative + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3ttr]] - bLTF C lobe + anasthetic + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3vdf]] - bLTF C lobe + diaminopimelic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[4dxu]] - bLTF C lobe + caproic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3v5a]] - bLTF C lobe + γ-amino butyric acid + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3u72]], [[4dig]] - bLTF C lobe + polypeptide + 2Zn + Fe<br />
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**[[3ptl]] – bLTF peptide + proteinase K<BR />
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**[[1bjr]] - buLTF peptide + proteinase K<BR />
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**[[1b7z]] - hoLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR />
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**[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br />
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**[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR />
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}}
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== References ==
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<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human lactoferrin complex with oxalate and Fe+3 ion (PDB entry 1bka)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of lactoferrin

Updated on 15-June-2023

References

  1. ↑ Actor JK, Hwang SA, Kruzel ML. Lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(17):1956-73. PMID:19519436
  2. ↑ Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrin--a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol Immunol. 2003 Nov;40(7):395-405. PMID:14568385
  3. ↑ Kayazawa M, Saitoh O, Kojima K, Nakagawa K, Tanaka S, Tabata K, Matsuse R, Uchida K, Hoshimoto M, Hirata I, Katsu K. Lactoferrin in whole gut lavage fluid as a marker for disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: comparison with other neutrophil-derived proteins. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):360-9. PMID:11866274 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05470.x
  4. ↑ Baker HM, Anderson BF, Brodie AM, Shongwe MS, Smith CA, Baker EN. Anion binding by transferrins: importance of second-shell effects revealed by the crystal structure of oxalate-substituted diferric lactoferrin. Biochemistry. 1996 Jul 16;35(28):9007-13. PMID:8703903 doi:10.1021/bi960288y

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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