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| | ==Formylglycine generating enzyme C341S mutant== | | ==Formylglycine generating enzyme C341S mutant== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2afy' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2afy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.49Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2afy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2afy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.49Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2afy]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AFY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2AFY FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2afy]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AFY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2AFY FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene><br> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.49Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=OCS:CYSTEINESULFONIC+ACID'>OCS</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OCS:CYSTEINESULFONIC+ACID'>OCS</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2aft|2aft]]</td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2afy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2afy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2afy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2afy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2afy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2afy ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2afy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2afy OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2afy RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2afy PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | </table> |
| - | <table> | + | |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUMF1_HUMAN SUMF1_HUMAN]] Defects in SUMF1 are the cause of multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/272200 272200]]. MSD is a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous disorder caused by the simultaneous impairment of all sulfatases, due to defective post-translational modification and activation. It combines features of individual sulfatase deficiencies such as metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, hydrocephalus, ichthyosis, neurologic deterioration and developmental delay. Inheritance is autosomal recessive.<ref>PMID:12757706</ref> <ref>PMID:12757705</ref> <ref>PMID:15146462</ref> <ref>PMID:18157819</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUMF1_HUMAN SUMF1_HUMAN] Defects in SUMF1 are the cause of multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/272200 272200]. MSD is a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous disorder caused by the simultaneous impairment of all sulfatases, due to defective post-translational modification and activation. It combines features of individual sulfatase deficiencies such as metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, hydrocephalus, ichthyosis, neurologic deterioration and developmental delay. Inheritance is autosomal recessive.<ref>PMID:12757706</ref> <ref>PMID:12757705</ref> <ref>PMID:15146462</ref> <ref>PMID:18157819</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUMF1_HUMAN SUMF1_HUMAN]] Using molecular oxygen and an unidentified reducing agent, oxidizes a cysteine residue in the substrate sulfatase to an active site 3-oxoalanine residue, which is also called C(alpha)-formylglycine. Known substrates include GALNS, ARSA, STS and ARSE.<ref>PMID:12757706</ref> <ref>PMID:15657036</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUMF1_HUMAN SUMF1_HUMAN] Using molecular oxygen and an unidentified reducing agent, oxidizes a cysteine residue in the substrate sulfatase to an active site 3-oxoalanine residue, which is also called C(alpha)-formylglycine. Known substrates include GALNS, ARSA, STS and ARSE.<ref>PMID:12757706</ref> <ref>PMID:15657036</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> | | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| - | <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/af/2afy_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/af/2afy_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
| - | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf]. | + | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2afy ConSurf]. |
| | <div style="clear:both"></div> | | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
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| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 2afy" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Sulfatase-modifying factor|Sulfatase-modifying factor]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Roeser, D.]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Rudolph, M G.]] | + | [[Category: Roeser D]] |
| - | [[Category: Endoplasmic reticulum]] | + | [[Category: Rudolph MG]] |
| - | [[Category: Formylglycin generation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase activator]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Post-translational modification]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Sulfatase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
SUMF1_HUMAN Defects in SUMF1 are the cause of multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) [MIM:272200. MSD is a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous disorder caused by the simultaneous impairment of all sulfatases, due to defective post-translational modification and activation. It combines features of individual sulfatase deficiencies such as metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, hydrocephalus, ichthyosis, neurologic deterioration and developmental delay. Inheritance is autosomal recessive.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Function
SUMF1_HUMAN Using molecular oxygen and an unidentified reducing agent, oxidizes a cysteine residue in the substrate sulfatase to an active site 3-oxoalanine residue, which is also called C(alpha)-formylglycine. Known substrates include GALNS, ARSA, STS and ARSE.[5] [6]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The formylglycine (FGly)-generating enzyme (FGE) uses molecular oxygen to oxidize a conserved cysteine residue in all eukaryotic sulfatases to the catalytically active FGly. Sulfatases degrade and remodel sulfate esters, and inactivity of FGE results in multiple sulfatase deficiency, a fatal disease. The previously determined FGE crystal structure revealed two crucial cysteine residues in the active site, one of which was thought to be implicated in substrate binding. The other cysteine residue partakes in a novel oxygenase mechanism that does not rely on any cofactors. Here, we present crystal structures of the individual FGE cysteine mutants and employ chemical probing of wild-type FGE, which defined the cysteines to differ strongly in their reactivity. This striking difference in reactivity is explained by the distinct roles of these cysteine residues in the catalytic mechanism. Hitherto, an enzyme-substrate complex as an essential cornerstone for the structural evaluation of the FGly formation mechanism has remained elusive. We also present two FGE-substrate complexes with pentamer and heptamer peptides that mimic sulfatases. The peptides isolate a small cavity that is a likely binding site for molecular oxygen and could host reactive oxygen intermediates during cysteine oxidation. Importantly, these FGE-peptide complexes directly unveil the molecular bases of FGE substrate binding and specificity. Because of the conserved nature of FGE sequences in other organisms, this binding mechanism is of general validity. Furthermore, several disease-causing mutations in both FGE and sulfatases are explained by this binding mechanism.
A general binding mechanism for all human sulfatases by the formylglycine-generating enzyme.,Roeser D, Preusser-Kunze A, Schmidt B, Gasow K, Wittmann JG, Dierks T, von Figura K, Rudolph MG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 3;103(1):81-6. Epub 2005 Dec 20. PMID:16368756[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Cosma MP, Pepe S, Annunziata I, Newbold RF, Grompe M, Parenti G, Ballabio A. The multiple sulfatase deficiency gene encodes an essential and limiting factor for the activity of sulfatases. Cell. 2003 May 16;113(4):445-56. PMID:12757706
- ↑ Dierks T, Schmidt B, Borissenko LV, Peng J, Preusser A, Mariappan M, von Figura K. Multiple sulfatase deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the human C(alpha)-formylglycine generating enzyme. Cell. 2003 May 16;113(4):435-44. PMID:12757705
- ↑ Cosma MP, Pepe S, Parenti G, Settembre C, Annunziata I, Wade-Martins R, Di Domenico C, Di Natale P, Mankad A, Cox B, Uziel G, Mancini GM, Zammarchi E, Donati MA, Kleijer WJ, Filocamo M, Carrozzo R, Carella M, Ballabio A. Molecular and functional analysis of SUMF1 mutations in multiple sulfatase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2004 Jun;23(6):576-81. PMID:15146462 doi:10.1002/humu.20040
- ↑ Schlotawa L, Steinfeld R, von Figura K, Dierks T, Gartner J. Molecular analysis of SUMF1 mutations: stability and residual activity of mutant formylglycine-generating enzyme determine disease severity in multiple sulfatase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2008 Jan;29(1):205. PMID:18157819 doi:10.1002/humu.9515
- ↑ Cosma MP, Pepe S, Annunziata I, Newbold RF, Grompe M, Parenti G, Ballabio A. The multiple sulfatase deficiency gene encodes an essential and limiting factor for the activity of sulfatases. Cell. 2003 May 16;113(4):445-56. PMID:12757706
- ↑ Preusser-Kunze A, Mariappan M, Schmidt B, Gande SL, Mutenda K, Wenzel D, von Figura K, Dierks T. Molecular characterization of the human Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 15;280(15):14900-10. Epub 2005 Jan 18. PMID:15657036 doi:M413383200
- ↑ Roeser D, Preusser-Kunze A, Schmidt B, Gasow K, Wittmann JG, Dierks T, von Figura K, Rudolph MG. A general binding mechanism for all human sulfatases by the formylglycine-generating enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 3;103(1):81-6. Epub 2005 Dec 20. PMID:16368756
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