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2xbn

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Inhibition of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase by cycloserine: evidence for a novel decarboxylative mechanism of inactivation

Structural highlights

2xbn is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.4Å
Ligands:	,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

SPT_SPHPI Catalyzes the condensation of L-serine with palmitoyl-CoA (hexadecanoyl-CoA) to produce 3-oxosphinganine (PubMed:11279212, PubMed:17557831, PubMed:17559874, PubMed:19376777). Exhibits a broad substrate specificity concerning the chain length and the degree of unsaturation of acyl-CoA (PubMed:11279212, PubMed:19376777).^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Cycloserine (CS, 4-amino-3-isoxazolidone) is a cyclic amino acid mimic that is known to inhibit many essential pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. Two CS enantiomers are known; d-cycloserine (DCS, also known as Seromycin) is a natural product that is used to treat resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections as well as neurological disorders since it is a potent NMDA receptor agonist, and l-cycloserine (LCS) is a synthetic enantiomer whose usefulness as a drug has been hampered by its inherent toxicity arising through inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism. Previous studies on various PLP-dependent enzymes revealed a common mechanism of inhibition by both enantiomers of CS; the PLP cofactor is disabled by forming a stable 3-hydroxyisoxazole/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) adduct at the active site where the cycloserine ring remains intact. Here we describe a novel mechanism of CS inactivation of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis. SPT catalyses the condensation of l-serine and palmitoyl-CoA, the first step in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. We have used a range of kinetic, spectroscopic and structural techniques to postulate that both LCS and DCS inactivate SPT by transamination to form a free pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) and beta-aminooxyacetaldehyde that remain bound at the active site. We suggest this occurs by ring opening of the cycloserine ring followed by decarboxylation. Enzyme kinetics show that inhibition is reversed by incubation with excess PLP and that LCS is a more effective SPT inhibitor than DCS. UV-visible spectroscopic data, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, suggest that a mobile Arg(378) residue is involved in cycloserine inactivation of SPT.

Inhibition of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase by cycloserine: evidence for a novel decarboxylative mechanism of inactivation.,Lowther J, Yard BA, Johnson KA, Carter LG, Bhat VT, Raman MC, Clarke DJ, Ramakers B, McMahon SA, Naismith JH, Campopiano DJ Mol Biosyst. 2010 May 5. PMID:20445930^[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Ikushiro H, Hayashi H, Kagamiyama H. A water-soluble homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis EY2395T strain. Purification, characterization, cloning, and overproduction. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 25;276(21):18249-56. PMID:11279212 doi:10.1074/jbc.M101550200
↑ Ikushiro H, Islam MM, Tojo H, Hayashi H. Molecular characterization of membrane-associated soluble serine palmitoyltransferases from Sphingobacterium multivorum and Bdellovibrio stolpii. J Bacteriol. 2007 Aug;189(15):5749-61. PMID:17557831 doi:10.1128/JB.00194-07
↑ Yard BA, Carter LG, Johnson KA, Overton IM, Dorward M, Liu H, McMahon SA, Oke M, Puech D, Barton GJ, Naismith JH, Campopiano DJ. The structure of serine palmitoyltransferase; gateway to sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jul 27;370(5):870-86. Epub 2007 May 10. PMID:17559874 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.086
↑ Raman MC, Johnson KA, Yard BA, Lowther J, Carter LG, Naismith JH, Campopiano DJ. The external aldimine form of serine palmitoyltransferase: structural, kinetic, and spectroscopic analysis of the wild-type enzyme and HSAN1 mutant mimics. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jun 19;284(25):17328-39. Epub 2009 Apr 17. PMID:19376777 doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.008680
↑ Lowther J, Yard BA, Johnson KA, Carter LG, Bhat VT, Raman MC, Clarke DJ, Ramakers B, McMahon SA, Naismith JH, Campopiano DJ. Inhibition of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase by cycloserine: evidence for a novel decarboxylative mechanism of inactivation. Mol Biosyst. 2010 May 5. PMID:20445930 doi:10.1039/c003743e

1 Structural highlights
2 Function
3 Evolutionary Conservation
4 Publication Abstract from PubMed
5 See Also
6 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/2xbn"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==INHIBITION OF THE PLP-DEPENDENT ENZYME SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE BY CYCLOSERINE: EVIDENCE FOR A NOVEL DECARBOXYLATIVE MECHANISM OF INACTIVATION==
-<StructureSection load='2xbn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2xbn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.40&Aring;' scene=''>
+==Inhibition of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase by cycloserine: evidence for a novel decarboxylative mechanism of inactivation==
+<StructureSection load='2xbn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2xbn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.40&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xbn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_paucimobilis Sphingomonas paucimobilis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XBN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XBN FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xbn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_paucimobilis Sphingomonas paucimobilis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XBN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XBN FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PMP:4-DEOXY-4-AMINOPYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PMP</scene><br>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.4&#8491;</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2w8u|2w8u]], [[2w8v|2w8v]], [[2jgt|2jgt]], [[2w8t|2w8t]], [[2jg2|2jg2]], [[2w8j|2w8j]], [[2w8w|2w8w]]</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PMP:4-DEOXY-4-AMINOPYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PMP</scene></td></tr>
-<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xbn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xbn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xbn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xbn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xbn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xbn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2xbn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xbn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xbn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2xbn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
-<table>
+</table>
+== Function ==
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPT_SPHPI SPT_SPHPI] Catalyzes the condensation of L-serine with palmitoyl-CoA (hexadecanoyl-CoA) to produce 3-oxosphinganine (PubMed:11279212, PubMed:17557831, PubMed:17559874, PubMed:19376777). Exhibits a broad substrate specificity concerning the chain length and the degree of unsaturation of acyl-CoA (PubMed:11279212, PubMed:19376777).<ref>PMID:11279212</ref> <ref>PMID:17557831</ref> <ref>PMID:17559874</ref> <ref>PMID:19376777</ref>
 == Evolutionary Conservation ==
 [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
 Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
-    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/xb/2xbn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
+    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/xb/2xbn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
-</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
+</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2xbn ConSurf].
 <div style="clear:both"></div>
 <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
@@ Line 25: / Line 28: @@
 From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 </div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 2xbn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 ==See Also==
-*[[Serine palmitoyltransferase|Serine palmitoyltransferase]]
+*[[Serine palmitoyltransferase 3D structures|Serine palmitoyltransferase 3D structures]]
 == References ==
 <references/>
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
 [[Category: Sphingomonas paucimobilis]]
-[[Category: Bhat, V T.]]
+[[Category: Bhat VT]]
-[[Category: Campopiano, D J.]]
+[[Category: Campopiano DJ]]
-[[Category: Carter, L G.]]
+[[Category: Carter LG]]
-[[Category: Clarke, D J.]]
+[[Category: Clarke DJ]]
-[[Category: Johnson, K A.]]
+[[Category: Johnson KA]]
-[[Category: Lowther, J.]]
+[[Category: Lowther J]]
-[[Category: Mcmahon, S A.]]
+[[Category: McMahon SA]]
-[[Category: Naismith, J H.]]
+[[Category: Naismith JH]]
-[[Category: Ramakers, B.]]
+[[Category: Ramakers B]]
-[[Category: Raman, M C.C.]]
+[[Category: Raman MCC]]
-[[Category: Yard, B A.]]
+[[Category: Yard BA]]
-[[Category: Pyridoxal phosphate]]
-[[Category: Transferase]]

2xbn

From Proteopedia

Current revision

Inhibition of the PLP-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase by cycloserine: evidence for a novel decarboxylative mechanism of inactivation

Structural highlights

Function

Evolutionary Conservation

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

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