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Exosome

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==Exosome==
==Exosome==
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<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='2je6' size='340' side='right' caption='Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code [[2je6]]).' scene=''>
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This is the patiah
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The '''Exosome complex''' (or just- Exosome) is a multi-protein complex capable of degrading various types of RNA molecules. The Exosome complex is found in eukaryotic cell, and also in archaea, while in bacteria it is found as a simpler complex (but it has the same function). <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure</ref>
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<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure</ref>
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Some of the exosome components are:<br />
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*'''MTR3''' and '''SKI6''' are part of RNase PH domain-containing subunits proposed to form a central channel which threads RNA for degradation.<br />
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*'''MTR4''' interacts with Nop53 and together they have a role in the maturation of 5.8S rRNA<ref>PMID:28883156</ref>.<br />
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*'''M-phase phosphoprotein 6''' is involved in the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA.
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__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
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<scene name='60/609824/2nn6/8'>Exosome</scene>
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In order to see the structure of the protein complex, press <scene name='60/609824/2nn6/8'>Exosome</scene>.
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===Enzymatic function===
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The exosome is primarily a 3'-5' exoribonuclease, meaning that it degrades RNA molecules from their 3' end. In eukaryotes it also have an endoribonucleolytic function, meaning it cleaves RNA at sites within the molecule.
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===Substrates===
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The exosome is involved in the degradation and processing of a wide variety of RNA species. Substrates of the exosome include messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and many species of small RNAs.
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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'''Autoimmunity'''
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===Autoimmunity===
The exosome complex is the target of autoantibodies, which are known to be found in people that suffer from various autoimmune diseases (especially PM/Scl overlap syndrome). In the autoimune diseases, antibodies are mainly directed against two of the proteins of the complex, called PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75.
The exosome complex is the target of autoantibodies, which are known to be found in people that suffer from various autoimmune diseases (especially PM/Scl overlap syndrome). In the autoimune diseases, antibodies are mainly directed against two of the proteins of the complex, called PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75.
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'''Cancer treatment'''
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===Cancer treatment===
The Exosome is found to be inhibited by a cancer chemotherapy drug, which called antimetabolite fluorouracil. This drug is one of the most successful drugs for treating solid tumors.
The Exosome is found to be inhibited by a cancer chemotherapy drug, which called antimetabolite fluorouracil. This drug is one of the most successful drugs for treating solid tumors.
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== Relevance ==
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===Neurological disorders===
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Mutations in Exosome component 3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron disease.
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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The core of the Exosom complex is made of a ring, which consisting of six RNases proteins (Rnase PH-like proteins).
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The central machinery of exosome is shaped like a <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">barrel</scene>, with its RNA cleavage machinery sheltered in a groove inside.
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<scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">This is Green</scene>
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The core of the Exosome complex is made of a ring, which is consisting of six RNases proteins (Rnase PH-like proteins), and other proteins are attached.
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You can also view the complex in a <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">ribbon view</scene>.
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==3D structures of exosome==
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[[Exosome 3D structures]]
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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[[Category: Topic Page]]

Current revision

Exosome

Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code 2je6).

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure
  2. ↑ Falk S, Tants JN, Basquin J, Thoms M, Hurt E, Sattler M, Conti E. Structural insights into the interaction of the nuclear exosome helicase Mtr4 with the pre-ribosomal protein Nop53. RNA. 2017 Sep 7. pii: rna.062901.117. doi: 10.1261/rna.062901.117. PMID:28883156 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.062901.117

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Nitzan Dubovski, Michal Harel

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