Tubulin

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{{STRUCTURE_1z5w| PDB=1z5w | SIZE=350| SCENE=Tubulin/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION= γ-tubulin complex with GTP and Mg+2 ion (green), [[1z5w]] }}
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='γ-tubulin complex with GTP and Mg+2 ion (green), [[1z5w]]' scene='43/430888/Cv/2' pspeed='8'>
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== Function ==
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[[Tubulin]] (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α-tubulin (TUBA) and β-tubulin (TUBB) bound to GTP. γ-tubulin (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes. FtsZ (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB.
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[[Tubulin]] (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of '''α-tubulin''' (TUBA) and '''β-tubulin''' (TUBB) bound to GTP. '''γ-tubulin''' (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules<ref>PMID:11297925</ref>. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes. Tubulin filaments are stabilized by taxol and zampanolide. '''FtsZ''' (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB<ref>PMID:26463348</ref>. See [[Cell division protein]] and [[Beta tubulin]].
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== 3D Structures of Tubulin ==
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== Relevance ==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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The chemotherapeutic drug Taxol interacts with TUBB. See [[Molecular Playground/Taxol]]. TUBA and TUBB expression in polyps of invasive colon cancer is different from normal<ref>PMID:16101133</ref>.
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*α-tubulin
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See [[Paclitaxel]].
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**[[2bto]] – PdTUBA+thioredoxin 1 – ''Prosthecobacter dejongeii''<br />
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== Disease ==
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**[[2e4h]] – hTUBA C terminal + restin CAP-Gly domain 2 – human<br />
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Mutations in TUBB underlie a large spectrum of neuronal migration disorders<ref>PMID:19465910</ref>.
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*α-tubulin + β-tubulin
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== Structural highlights ==
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*<scene name='43/430888/Cv/6'>γ-tubulin interactions with GTP and Mg+2 ion</scene> ([[1z5w]]).
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**[[3hkb]], [[3hkc]], [[3hkd]], [[3hke]], [[3n2g]], [[3n2k]], [[3ryc]], [[3ryf]], [[3ryh]], [[3ryi]] – sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 – sheep<br />
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== 3D Structures of Tubulin ==
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**[[4f61]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R4<br />
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[[Tubulin 3D Structures]]
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**[[3ut5]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + vinca peptide<br />
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**[[4eb6]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4<br />
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**[[4drx]] - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
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**[[4f6r]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R1 + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
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**[[2wbe]] – bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin+AMPPNP – bovine<br />
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**[[3dco]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like NOD<br />
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**[[4ck5]], [[4kc6]], [[4kc7]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 motor domain<br />
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**[[1tvk]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+GDP+GTP+Epothilone A – electron crystallography<br />
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**[[3iz0]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+hNDC80/SPC25+hNUF2/SPC24 – electron microscopy<br />
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**[[3edl]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain<br />
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**[[2xrp]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin <br />
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**[[3du7]], [[3e22]], [[1z2b]], [[1sa0]], [[1sa1]] – bTUBA1C+bTUBB2B+stathmin-like protein B3<br />
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**[[1ffx]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3<br />
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**[[4o2a]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase<br />
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**[[4o2b]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase + colchicine<br />
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**[[4o4h]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase + laulimalide<br />
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**[[4o4i]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase + epothilone + laulimalide<br />
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**[[4o4j]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase + peloruside<br />
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**[[4o4l]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + TUB-Tyr ligase + peloruside + epothilone<br />
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**[[1jff]] - bTUBA+bTUBB<br />
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**[[4hna]] - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
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**[[4ihj]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + tubulin tyrosine ligase + ADP<br />
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**[[4iij]], [[4i55]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + tubulin tyrosine ligase <br />
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**[[3j1t]], [[3j1u]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+ dyenin<br />
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**[[3j2u]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KLP10A head domain<br />
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**[[4i50]], [[4i4t]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-like protein B3 + tubulin tyrosine ligase + anti-cancer agent<br />
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**[[2p4n]] - hTUBA+hTUBB+kinesin heavy chain<br />
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**[[2hxf]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+AMPPNP – pig<br />
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**[[2hxh]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ADP<br />
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**[[1ia0]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ATP<br />
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**[[4abo]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+ microtubule integrity protein MAL3<br />
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**[[1tub]] - pTUBA+pTUBB – electron diffraction<br />
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**[[4aqv]], [[4aqw]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[4atu]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[4atx]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain – Cryo EM<br />
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**[[2btq]] – PdTUBA+PdTUBB<br />
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**[[4ffb]] - TUBA+TUBB (mutant) + protein STU2 - yeast
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*γ-tubulin
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**[[3cb2]] – hTUBG1+GDP<br />
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**[[1z5v]] - hTUBG1+GTPgS<br />
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**[[1z5w]] - hTUBG1+GTP<br />
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**[[3rip]] – hTUBG4<br />
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* FtsZ
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**[[2vxy]], [[2vam]] – BsFtsZ - ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
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**[[2ve8]] – PaFtsZ gamma domain – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
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**[[2r6r]]– AaFtsZ - ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
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**[[1w59]], [[1fsz]] – MjFtsZ - ''Methancaldococcus jannaschii''<br />
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**[[1w5e]], [[1w5f]] – MjFtsZ (mutant) <br />
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**[[3v3t]] – FtsZ (mutant) – ''Clostridium botulinum''<br />
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**[[3zid]] – FtsZ – ''Methanosaeta thermophila''<br />
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**[[3vo9]], [[3vpa]] - SaFtsZ – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
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**[[3wgj]], [[3wgk]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) <br />
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*FtsZ complexes
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</StructureSection>
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**[[2rhh]], [[2rhj]] – BsFtsZ+SO4 <br />
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== References ==
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**[[2rhl]] - BsFtsZ+GDP<br />
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<references/>
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**[[2rho]] - BsFtsZ+GDP+GTP-gamma-S<br />
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**[[2ve9]] - PaFtsZ gamma domain+DNA<br />
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**[[2vaw]] – PaFtsZ+GDP<br />
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**[[1ofu]] - PaFtsZ+SULA<br />
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**[[2r75]] - AaFtsZ+8-morpholino-GTP <br />
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**[[2q1x]], [[1rq2]] - MtFtsZ+citrate – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
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**[[2q1y]], [[1rlu]] - MtFtsZ+GTP-gamma-S<br />
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**[[1rq7]], [[4kwe]] - MtFtsZ+GDP<br />
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**[[2vap]] – MjFtsZ+GDP <br />
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**[[1w58]] - MjFtsZ+GMPCPP<br />
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**[[1w5a]] - MjFtsZ+MgGTP<br />
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**[[1w5b]] - MjFtsZ+GTP<br />
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**[[4b45]] – HvFtsZ + GTP-γS – ''Haloferax volcanii''<br />
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**[[3vo8]], [[3voa]] - SaFtsZ + GDP <br />
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**[[3wgl]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GDP<br />
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**[[3wgn]] – SaFtsZ + GTP-γS<br />
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**[[3wgm]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GTP<br />
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**[[3vob]] - SaFtsZ + GDP + benzamide derivative<br />
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**[[4dxd]] - SaFtsZ + antibiotic <br />
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**[[4b46]] - HvFtsZ + GDP <br />
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**[[4m8i]] - SeFtsZ + GDP – ''Staphylococcus epidermitis''<br />
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}}
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

γ-tubulin complex with GTP and Mg+2 ion (green), 1z5w

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References

  1. ↑ Moritz M, Agard DA. Gamma-tubulin complexes and microtubule nucleation. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2001 Apr;11(2):174-81. PMID:11297925
  2. ↑ Arjes HA, Lai B, Emelue E, Steinbach A, Levin PA. Mutations in the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ highlight the role of GTP binding and longitudinal subunit interactions in assembly and function. BMC Microbiol. 2015 Oct 13;15:209. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0544-z. PMID:26463348 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0544-z
  3. ↑ Giarnieri E, De Francesco GP, Carico E, Midiri G, Amanti C, Giacomelli L, Tucci G, Gidaro S, Stroppa I, Gidaro G, Giovagnoli MR. Alpha- and beta-tubulin expression in rectal cancer development. Anticancer Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):3237-41. PMID:16101133
  4. ↑ Jaglin XH, Poirier K, Saillour Y, Buhler E, Tian G, Bahi-Buisson N, Fallet-Bianco C, Phan-Dinh-Tuy F, Kong XP, Bomont P, Castelnau-Ptakhine L, Odent S, Loget P, Kossorotoff M, Snoeck I, Plessis G, Parent P, Beldjord C, Cardoso C, Represa A, Flint J, Keays DA, Cowan NJ, Chelly J. Mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2B result in asymmetrical polymicrogyria. Nat Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):746-52. doi: 10.1038/ng.380. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID:19465910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.380

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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