4fxf

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==Structure of M2 pyruvate kinase in complex with phenylalanine==
==Structure of M2 pyruvate kinase in complex with phenylalanine==
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<StructureSection load='4fxf' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4fxf]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.55&Aring;' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='4fxf' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4fxf]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.55&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4fxf]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4FXF OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4FXF FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4fxf]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4FXF OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4FXF FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ATP:ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>ATP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBP:BETA-FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE'>FBP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:OXALATE+ION'>OXL</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.55&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1bjf|1bjf]], [[4fxj|4fxj]]</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ATP:ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>ATP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBP:BETA-FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE'>FBP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:OXALATE+ION'>OXL</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">OIP3, PK2, PK3, PKM, PKM2, pyruvate Kinase M2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4fxf FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4fxf OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4fxf PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4fxf RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4fxf PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4fxf ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase Pyruvate kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.40 2.7.1.40] </span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4fxf FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4fxf OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4fxf RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4fxf PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
</table>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Function ==
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KPYM_HUMAN KPYM_HUMAN] Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio betwween the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival.<ref>PMID:17308100</ref> <ref>PMID:18191611</ref> <ref>PMID:21620138</ref>
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We show that the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (M2PYK) exists in equilibrium between monomers and tetramers regulated by allosteric binding of naturally occurring small-molecule metabolites. Phenylalanine stabilizes an inactive T-state tetrameric conformer and inhibits M2PYK with an IC50 value of 0.24 mM, whereas thyroid hormone (triiodo-l-thyronine, T3) stabilizes an inactive monomeric form of M2PYK with an IC50 of 78 nM. The allosteric activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate [F16BP, AC50 (concentration that gives 50% activation) of 7 muM] shifts the equilibrium to the tetrameric active R-state, which has a similar activity to that of the constitutively fully active isoform M1PYK. Proliferation assays using HCT-116 cells showed that addition of inhibitors phenylalanine and T3 both increased cell proliferation, whereas addition of the activator F16BP reduced proliferation. F16BP abrogates the inhibitory effect of both phenylalanine and T3, highlighting a dominant role of M2PYK allosteric activation in the regulation of cancer proliferation. X-ray structures show constitutively fully active M1PYK and F16BP-bound M2PYK in an R-state conformation with a lysine at the dimer-interface acting as a peg in a hole, locking the active tetramer conformation. Binding of phenylalanine in an allosteric pocket induces a 13 degrees rotation of the protomers, destroying the peg-in-hole R-state interface. This distinct T-state tetramer is stabilized by flipped out Trp/Arg side chains that stack across the dimer interface. X-ray structures and biophysical binding data of M2PYK complexes explain how, at a molecular level, fluctuations in concentrations of amino acids, thyroid hormone, and glucose metabolites switch M2PYK on and off to provide the cell with a nutrient sensing and growth signaling mechanism.
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M2 pyruvate kinase provides a mechanism for nutrient sensing and regulation of cell proliferation.,Morgan HP, O'Reilly FJ, Wear MA, O'Neill JR, Fothergill-Gilmore LA, Hupp T, Walkinshaw MD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):5881-6. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1217157110. Epub 2013 Mar 25. PMID:23530218<ref>PMID:23530218</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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==See Also==
==See Also==
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*[[Pyruvate Kinase|Pyruvate Kinase]]
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*[[Pyruvate kinase 3D structures|Pyruvate kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Pyruvate kinase]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Morgan, H P]]
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[[Category: Morgan HP]]
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[[Category: Walkinshaw, M D]]
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[[Category: Walkinshaw MD]]
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[[Category: Atp binding]]
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[[Category: Tim barrel]]
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[[Category: Transferase]]
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Current revision

Structure of M2 pyruvate kinase in complex with phenylalanine

PDB ID 4fxf

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