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|  | ==Crystal structure of hSTING(H232) in complex with c[G(2',5')pA(2',5')p]== |  | ==Crystal structure of hSTING(H232) in complex with c[G(2',5')pA(2',5')p]== | 
| - | <StructureSection load='4loi' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4loi]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='4loi' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4loi]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''> | 
|  | == Structural highlights == |  | == Structural highlights == | 
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loi]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOI FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loi]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOI FirstGlance]. <br> | 
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1YC:2-AMINO-9-[(1R,3R,6R,8R,9R,11S,14R,16R,17R,18R)-16-(6-AMINO-9H-PURIN-9-YL)-3,11,17,18-TETRAHYDROXY-3,11-DIOXIDO-2,4,7,10,12,15-HEXAOXA-3,11-DIPHOSPHATRICYCLO[12.2.1.1~6,9~]OCTADEC-8-YL]-1,9-DIHYDRO-6H-PURIN-6-ONE'>1YC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.89Å</td></tr> | 
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4loh|4loh]], [[4loj|4loj]], [[4lok|4lok]], [[4lol|4lol]]</td></tr>
 | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1YC:2-amino-9-[(1R,3R,6R,8R,9R,11S,14R,16R,17R,18R)-16-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,11,17,18-tetrahydroxy-3,11-dioxido-2,4,7,10,12,15-hexaoxa-3,11-diphosphatricyclo[12.2.1.1~6,9~]octadec-8-yl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one'>1YC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr> | 
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">TMEM173, ERIS, MITA, STING ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
 | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loi FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loi OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4loi PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loi RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loi PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loi ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | 
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loi FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loi OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loi RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loi PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + |  | 
|  | </table> |  | </table> | 
| - | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
 | + | == Function == | 
| - | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STING_HUMAN STING_HUMAN] Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.<ref>PMID:18818105</ref> <ref>PMID:18724357</ref> <ref>PMID:19776740</ref> <ref>PMID:19433799</ref> <ref>PMID:21074459</ref> <ref>PMID:21947006</ref> <ref>PMID:23258412</ref>  | 
| - | Binding of dsDNA by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) triggers formation of the metazoan second messenger c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p], which binds the signalingprotein STING with subsequent activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway. We show that human hSTING(H232) adopts a "closed" conformation upon binding c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] andits linkage isomer c[G(2',5')pA(2',5')p], as does mouse mSting(R231) on binding c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p], c[G(3',5')pA(3',5')p] and the antiviral agent DMXAA, leading to similar "closed" conformations.Comparing hSTING tomSting, 2',5'-linkage-containing cGAMP isomers were more specific triggers of the IFN pathway compared to theall-3',5'-linkage isomer. Guided by structural information,we identified aunique point mutation (S162A)placed within thecyclic-dinucleotide-bindingsite ofhSTING that rendered it sensitive to the otherwise mouse-specific drug DMXAA,a conclusion validated by binding studies. Our structural andfunctional analysis highlights the unexpected versatility of STINGin the recognition ofnatural andsynthetic ligands within asmall-molecule pocket created by thedimerization ofSTING.
 | + |  | 
| - |   | + |  | 
| - | Structure-Function Analysis ofSTING Activation by c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] and Targeting by Antiviral DMXAA.,Gao P, Ascano M, Zillinger T, Wang W, Dai P, Serganov AA, Gaffney BL, Shuman S, Jones RA, Deng L, Hartmann G, Barchet W, Tuschl T, Patel DJ Cell. 2013 Aug 15;154(4):748-62.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Aug, 1. PMID:23910378<ref>PMID:23910378</ref>
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| - |   | + |  | 
| - | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 | + |  | 
| - | </div> | + |  | 
|  |  |  |  | 
|  | ==See Also== |  | ==See Also== | 
| - | *[[Stimulator of interferon genes|Stimulator of interferon genes]] | + | *[[Stimulator of interferon genes protein|Stimulator of interferon genes protein]] | 
|  | + | *[[Stimulator of interferon genes protein 3D structures|Stimulator of interferon genes protein 3D structures]] | 
|  | == References == |  | == References == | 
|  | <references/> |  | <references/> | 
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|  | </StructureSection> |  | </StructureSection> | 
|  | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |  | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | 
| - | [[Category: Gao, P]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] | 
| - | [[Category: Patel, D J]] | + | [[Category: Gao P]] | 
| - | [[Category: Immune system]] | + | [[Category: Patel DJ]] | 
| - | [[Category: Innate immunity]]
 | + |  | 
|  |   Structural highlights   Function STING_HUMAN Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 
  See Also  References ↑ Zhong B, Yang Y, Li S, Wang YY, Li Y, Diao F, Lei C, He X, Zhang L, Tien P, Shu HB. The adaptor protein MITA links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 transcription factor activation. Immunity. 2008 Oct 17;29(4):538-50. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 , Sep 25. PMID:18818105 doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.09.003↑ Ishikawa H, Barber GN. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):674-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07317. Epub 2008 Aug 24. PMID:18724357 doi:10.1038/nature07317↑ Ishikawa H, Ma Z, Barber GN. STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity. Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):788-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08476. Epub 2009 Sep 23. PMID:19776740 doi:10.1038/nature08476↑ Sun W, Li Y, Chen L, Chen H, You F, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhai Z, Chen D, Jiang Z. ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, activates innate immune signaling  through dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 26;106(21):8653-8. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0900850106. Epub 2009 May 11. PMID:19433799 doi:10.1073/pnas.0900850106↑ Tsuchida T, Zou J, Saitoh T, Kumar H, Abe T, Matsuura Y, Kawai T, Akira S. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM56 regulates innate immune responses to intracellular double-stranded DNA. Immunity. 2010 Nov 24;33(5):765-76. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.013. Epub 2010 , Nov 11. PMID:21074459 doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.013↑ Burdette DL, Monroe KM, Sotelo-Troha K, Iwig JS, Eckert B, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y, Vance RE. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011 Sep 25;478(7370):515-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10429. PMID:21947006 doi:10.1038/nature10429↑ Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):826-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229963. Epub 2012, Dec 20. PMID:23258412 doi:10.1126/science.1229963
 
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