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1wxn

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Current revision

Solution structure of APETx2, a specific peptide inhibitor of ASIC3 proton-gated channels

Structural highlights

1wxn is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Anthopleura elegantissima. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	Solution NMR
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

BDS2_ANTEL This toxin potently blocks acid-sensing ion channel ASIC3 homotrimers and heterotrimers containing ASIC3 (composed with isoforms of ASIC1 and ASIC2) (PubMed:15044953). It also weakly inhibits potassium channels, and sodium channels (PubMed:15044953, PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22972919, PubMed:25337890). On homomeric ASIC3, this protein shows IC(50)=57-87 nM on rat, 37.3 nM on mouse and 175 nM on human channels (PubMed:15044953, PubMed:18923424, PubMed:19306891, PubMed:20813121, PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22851922, PubMed:22851929). The blockade is rapid and reversible (PubMed:15044953). On heterotrimeric forms, the toxin is less potent (IC(50)=117 nM on rat ASIC2b-ASIC3 channel, 900 nM on rat ASIC1b-ASIC3, and 2 uM on rat ASIC1a-ASIC3) (PubMed:15044953). It weakly inhibits Kv3.4/KCNC4 potassium channels (3 uM of the toxin inhibits 38% of Kv3.4 current) (PubMed:15044953). It reversibly and voltage-dependently inhibits hKv11.1/KCNH2/ERG1 potassium channels (IC(50)=1.21 uM), inhibiting both peak and tail currents without action on channel inactivation (PubMed:25337890). It weakly inhibits rNav1.2/SCN2A (EC(50)=114 nM), rNav1.6/SCN8A current (17% at 1 uM of the toxin) and Nav1.8/SCN10A (IC(50)=6.6 uM on human channels expressed in oocytes, EC(50)=55 nM on rat channels expressed in oocytes, and 2.6 uM on rat channels in DRG neurons) (PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22972919). It may act on sodium channels by binding at site 1 or close by, when the pore is in an open configuration (PubMed:22972919). In vivo, central injection does not induce neurotoxin symptoms in mice even after 24 hours (PubMed:15044953). However, it abolishes acid-induced pain in rats (PubMed:18923424).^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) are proton-gated sodium channels that have been implicated in pain transduction associated with acidosis in inflamed or ischemic tissues. APETx2, a peptide toxin effector of ASIC3, has been purified from an extract of the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. APETx2 is a 42-amino-acid peptide cross-linked by three disulfide bridges. Its three-dimensional structure, as determined by conventional two-dimensional 1H-NMR, consists of a compact disulfide-bonded core composed of a four-stranded beta-sheet. It belongs to the disulfide-rich all-beta structural family encompassing peptide toxins commonly found in animal venoms. The structural characteristics of APETx2 are compared with that of PcTx1, another effector of ASIC channels but specific to the ASIC1a subtype and to APETx1, a toxin structurally related to APETx2, which targets the HERG potassium channel. Structural comparisons, coupled with the analysis of the electrostatic characteristics of these various ion channel effectors, led us to suggest a putative channel interaction surface for APETx2, encompassing its N terminus together with the type I-beta turn connecting beta-strands III and IV. This basic surface (R31 and R17) is also rich in aromatic residues (Y16, F15, Y32, and F33). An additional region made of the type II'-beta turn connecting beta-strands I and II could also play a role in the specificity observed for these different ion effectors.

Solution structure of APETx2, a specific peptide inhibitor of ASIC3 proton-gated channels.,Chagot B, Escoubas P, Diochot S, Bernard C, Lazdunski M, Darbon H Protein Sci. 2005 Aug;14(8):2003-10. Epub 2005 Jun 29. PMID:15987885^[10]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Diochot S, Baron A, Rash LD, Deval E, Escoubas P, Scarzello S, Salinas M, Lazdunski M. A new sea anemone peptide, APETx2, inhibits ASIC3, a major acid-sensitive channel in sensory neurons. EMBO J. 2004 Apr 7;23(7):1516-25. Epub 2004 Mar 25. PMID:15044953 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600177
↑ Deval E, Noël J, Lay N, Alloui A, Diochot S, Friend V, Jodar M, Lazdunski M, Lingueglia E. ASIC3, a sensor of acidic and primary inflammatory pain. EMBO J. 2008 Nov 19;27(22):3047-55. PMID:18923424 doi:10.1038/emboj.2008.213
↑ Jensen JE, Durek T, Alewood PF, Adams DJ, King GF, Rash LD. Chemical synthesis and folding of APETx2, a potent and selective inhibitor of acid sensing ion channel 3. Toxicon. 2009 Jul;54(1):56-61. PMID:19306891 doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.03.014
↑ Anangi R, Chen CC, Lin YW, Cheng YR, Cheng CH, Chen YC, Chu YP, Chuang WJ. Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of APETx2, a specific inhibitor of acid sensing ion channel 3. Toxicon. 2010 Dec;56(8):1388-97. PMID:20813121 doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.08.004
↑ Blanchard MG, Rash LD, Kellenberger S. Inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) currents in sensory neurones by the sea anemone toxin APETx2. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(7):2167-77. PMID:21943094 doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01674.x
↑ Jensen JE, Mobli M, Brust A, Alewood PF, King GF, Rash LD. Cyclisation increases the stability of the sea anemone peptide APETx2 but decreases its activity at acid-sensing ion channel 3. Mar Drugs. 2012 Jul;10(7):1511-1527. PMID:22851922 doi:10.3390/md10071511
↑ Anangi R, Rash LD, Mobli M, King GF. Functional expression in Escherichia coli of the disulfide-rich sea anemone peptide APETx2, a potent blocker of acid-sensing ion channel 3. Mar Drugs. 2012 Jul;10(7):1605-1618. PMID:22851929 doi:10.3390/md10071605
↑ Peigneur S, Beress L, Moller C, Mari F, Forssmann WG, Tytgat J. A natural point mutation changes both target selectivity and mechanism of action of sea anemone toxins. FASEB J. 2012 Dec;26(12):5141-51. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-218479. Epub 2012 Sep 12. PMID:22972919 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-218479
↑ Jensen JE, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Anangi R, Rosengren KJ, Lau CH, Mobli M, Brust A, Alewood PF, King GF, Rash LD. Understanding the Molecular Basis of Toxin Promiscuity: The Analgesic Sea Anemone Peptide APETx2 Interacts with Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3 and hERG Channels via Overlapping Pharmacophores. J Med Chem. 2014 Nov 13;57(21):9195-203. doi: 10.1021/jm501400p. Epub 2014 Nov 4. PMID:25337890 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm501400p
↑ Chagot B, Escoubas P, Diochot S, Bernard C, Lazdunski M, Darbon H. Solution structure of APETx2, a specific peptide inhibitor of ASIC3 proton-gated channels. Protein Sci. 2005 Aug;14(8):2003-10. Epub 2005 Jun 29. PMID:15987885 doi:ps.051378905

1 Structural highlights
2 Function
3 Publication Abstract from PubMed
4 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/1wxn"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Solution structure of APETx2, a specific peptide inhibitor of ASIC3 proton-gated channels==
-<StructureSection load='1wxn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1wxn]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 25 NMR models]]' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='1wxn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1wxn]]' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1wxn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthopleura_elegantissima Anthopleura elegantissima]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1WXN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1WXN FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1wxn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthopleura_elegantissima Anthopleura elegantissima]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1WXN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1WXN FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1wxn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1wxn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1wxn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1wxn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1wxn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1wxn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1wxn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1wxn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1wxn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1wxn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Function ==
-[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/APT2_ANTEL APT2_ANTEL]] Potently and selectively blocks the acid-sensing ion channel ASIC3 (ACCN3). The blockade is rapid and reversible. Also inhibits heteromeric ASIC2b-ASIC3 (ACCN1-ACCN3) channel, while it has less affinity for ASIC1b-ASIC3 (ACCN2-ACCN3), ASIC1a-ASIC3 (ACCN2-ASIC3).<ref>PMID:15044953</ref>
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BDS2_ANTEL BDS2_ANTEL] This toxin potently blocks acid-sensing ion channel ASIC3 homotrimers and heterotrimers containing ASIC3 (composed with isoforms of ASIC1 and ASIC2) (PubMed:15044953). It also weakly inhibits potassium channels, and sodium channels (PubMed:15044953, PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22972919, PubMed:25337890). On homomeric ASIC3, this protein shows IC(50)=57-87 nM on rat, 37.3 nM on mouse and 175 nM on human channels (PubMed:15044953, PubMed:18923424, PubMed:19306891, PubMed:20813121, PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22851922, PubMed:22851929). The blockade is rapid and reversible (PubMed:15044953). On heterotrimeric forms, the toxin is less potent (IC(50)=117 nM on rat ASIC2b-ASIC3 channel, 900 nM on rat ASIC1b-ASIC3, and 2 uM on rat ASIC1a-ASIC3) (PubMed:15044953). It weakly inhibits Kv3.4/KCNC4 potassium channels (3 uM of the toxin inhibits 38% of Kv3.4 current) (PubMed:15044953). It reversibly and voltage-dependently inhibits hKv11.1/KCNH2/ERG1 potassium channels (IC(50)=1.21 uM), inhibiting both peak and tail currents without action on channel inactivation (PubMed:25337890). It weakly inhibits rNav1.2/SCN2A (EC(50)=114 nM), rNav1.6/SCN8A current (17% at 1 uM of the toxin) and Nav1.8/SCN10A (IC(50)=6.6 uM on human channels expressed in oocytes, EC(50)=55 nM on rat channels expressed in oocytes, and 2.6 uM on rat channels in DRG neurons) (PubMed:21943094, PubMed:22972919). It may act on sodium channels by binding at site 1 or close by, when the pore is in an open configuration (PubMed:22972919). In vivo, central injection does not induce neurotoxin symptoms in mice even after 24 hours (PubMed:15044953). However, it abolishes acid-induced pain in rats (PubMed:18923424).<ref>PMID:15044953</ref> <ref>PMID:18923424</ref> <ref>PMID:19306891</ref> <ref>PMID:20813121</ref> <ref>PMID:21943094</ref> <ref>PMID:22851922</ref> <ref>PMID:22851929</ref> <ref>PMID:22972919</ref> <ref>PMID:25337890</ref>
 <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
 == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
@@ Line 15: / Line 17: @@
 From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 </div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 1wxn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 == References ==
 <references/>
@@ Line 20: / Line 23: @@
 </StructureSection>
 [[Category: Anthopleura elegantissima]]
-[[Category: Bernard, C]]
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[Category: Chagot, B]]
+[[Category: Bernard C]]
-[[Category: Darbon, H]]
+[[Category: Chagot B]]
-[[Category: Diochot, S]]
+[[Category: Darbon H]]
-[[Category: Escoubas, P]]
+[[Category: Diochot S]]
-[[Category: Lazdunski, M]]
+[[Category: Escoubas P]]
-[[Category: Acid-sensing ion channel]]
+[[Category: Lazdunski M]]
-[[Category: Anthopleura elegantissima toxin 2]]
-[[Category: Apetx2]]
-[[Category: Asic]]
-[[Category: Toxin]]

1wxn

From Proteopedia

Current revision

Solution structure of APETx2, a specific peptide inhibitor of ASIC3 proton-gated channels

Structural highlights

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

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