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| | ==Dimeric horse cytochrome c obtained by refolding with desalting method== | | ==Dimeric horse cytochrome c obtained by refolding with desalting method== |
| - | <StructureSection load='3wc8' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3wc8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='3wc8' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3wc8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3wc8]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus Equus caballus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3WC8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3WC8 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3wc8]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus Equus caballus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3WC8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3WC8 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PEG:DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER'>PEG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PG4:TETRAETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PG4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.8Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3nbs|3nbs]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEC:HEME+C'>HEC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PEG:DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER'>PEG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PG4:TETRAETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PG4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3wc8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3wc8 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3wc8 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3wc8 PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3wc8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3wc8 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3wc8 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3wc8 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3wc8 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3wc8 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_HORSE CYC_HORSE]] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity). | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_HORSE CYC_HORSE] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity). |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 3wc8" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | | | |
| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Cytochrome c|Cytochrome c]] | + | *[[Cytochrome C 3D structures|Cytochrome C 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Equus caballus]] | | [[Category: Equus caballus]] |
| - | [[Category: Deshpande, M S]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Higuchi, Y]] | + | [[Category: Deshpande MS]] |
| - | [[Category: Hirota, S]] | + | [[Category: Higuchi Y]] |
| - | [[Category: Kamikubo, H]] | + | [[Category: Hirota S]] |
| - | [[Category: Kataoka, M]] | + | [[Category: Kamikubo H]] |
| - | [[Category: Komori, H]] | + | [[Category: Kataoka M]] |
| - | [[Category: Nagao, S]] | + | [[Category: Komori H]] |
| - | [[Category: Parui, P P]] | + | [[Category: Nagao S]] |
| - | [[Category: Electron transport]]
| + | [[Category: Parui PP]] |
| Structural highlights
Function
CYC_HORSE Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
We have previously shown that horse cytochrome c (cyt c) forms oligomers by domain swapping its C-terminal alpha-helix when interacting with ethanol. Although folding of cyt c has been studied extensively, formation of domain-swapped oligomers of cyt c during folding has never been reported. We found that domain-swapped oligomeric cyt c is produced during refolding from its guanidinium ion-induced unfolded state at high protein concentrations and low temperatures. The obtained dimer exhibited a domain-swapped structure exchanging the C-terminal alpha-helical region between molecules. The extent of dimer formation decreased significantly for the folding of C-terminal cyt c mutants with reduced hydrophobicity achieved by replacement of hydrophobic residues with Gly in the C-terminal region, whereas a large amount of heterodimers was generated for the folding of a mixture of N- and C-terminal mutants. These results show that cyt c oligomers are formed through intermolecular hydrophobic interaction between the N- and C-terminal alpha-helices during folding. A slow phase (4-5 s) was observed in addition to a 400-500 ms phase during folding of a high concentration of cyt c in the presence of 1.17 M guanidine hydrochloride. The fast phase is attributed to the intramolecular ligand exchange process, and we attribute the slow phase to the ligand exchange process in oligomers. These results show that it is important to consider formation of domain-swapped oligomeric proteins when folding at high protein concentrations.
Formation of Oligomeric Cytochrome c during Folding by Intermolecular Hydrophobic Interaction between N- and C-Terminal alpha-Helices.,Parui PP, Deshpande MS, Nagao S, Kamikubo H, Komori H, Higuchi Y, Kataoka M, Hirota S Biochemistry. 2013 Dec 3;52(48):8732-44. doi: 10.1021/bi400986g. Epub 2013 Nov, 20. PMID:24206001[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Parui PP, Deshpande MS, Nagao S, Kamikubo H, Komori H, Higuchi Y, Kataoka M, Hirota S. Formation of Oligomeric Cytochrome c during Folding by Intermolecular Hydrophobic Interaction between N- and C-Terminal alpha-Helices. Biochemistry. 2013 Dec 3;52(48):8732-44. doi: 10.1021/bi400986g. Epub 2013 Nov, 20. PMID:24206001 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi400986g
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