2gtk

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[[Image:2gtk.gif|left|200px]]
 
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{{Structure
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==Structure-based Design of Indole Propionic Acids as Novel PPARag CO-Agonists==
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|PDB= 2gtk |SIZE=350|CAPTION= <scene name='initialview01'>2gtk</scene>, resolution 2.10&Aring;
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<StructureSection load='2gtk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2gtk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
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|SITE=
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== Structural highlights ==
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|LIGAND= <scene name='pdbligand=208:(2S)-3-(1-{[2-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-5-METHYL-1,3-OXAZOL-4-YL]METHYL}-1H-INDOL-5-YL)-2-ETHOXYPROPANOIC ACID'>208</scene>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTK FirstGlance]. <br>
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|ACTIVITY=
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
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|GENE= PPARG, NR1C3 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=208:(2S)-3-(1-{[2-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-5-METHYL-1,3-OXAZOL-4-YL]METHYL}-1H-INDOL-5-YL)-2-ETHOXYPROPANOIC+ACID'>208</scene></td></tr>
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}}
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2gtk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Disease ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref> Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref> Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref>
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gt/2gtk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2gtk ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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'''Structure-based Design of Indole Propionic Acids as Novel PPARag CO-Agonists'''
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==See Also==
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*[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]]
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== References ==
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==Overview==
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<references/>
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In the quest for novel PPARalpha/gamma co-agonists as putative drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, we have used a structure-based design approach to identify propionic acids with a 1,5-disubstituted indole scaffold as potent PPARalpha/gamma activators. Compounds 13, 24, and 28 are examples of submicromolar dual agonists with different alpha/gamma EC50 ratios that are selective against the delta-isoform. Analysis of the X-ray complex structure of PPARgamma with the indole propionic acid 13 provides a rationalization for some of the observed SAR.
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
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==Disease==
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Known diseases associated with this structure: Abdominal body fat distribution, modifier of OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans and hypertension OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Glioblastoma, susceptibility to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Insulin resistance, severe, digenic OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Lipodystrophy, familial partial OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Obesity, resistance to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]], Obesity, severe OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601487 601487]]
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==About this Structure==
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2GTK is a [[Protein complex]] structure of sequences from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTK OCA].
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==Reference==
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Structure-based design of indole propionic acids as novel PPARalpha/gamma co-agonists., Kuhn B, Hilpert H, Benz J, Binggeli A, Grether U, Humm R, Marki HP, Meyer M, Mohr P, Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Aug 1;16(15):4016-20. Epub 2006 Jun 5. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737814 16737814]
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Protein complex]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Benz, J.]]
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[[Category: Benz J]]
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[[Category: Binggeli, A.]]
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[[Category: Binggeli A]]
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[[Category: Grether, U.]]
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[[Category: Grether U]]
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[[Category: Hilpert, H.]]
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[[Category: Hilpert H]]
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[[Category: Humm, R.]]
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[[Category: Humm R]]
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[[Category: Kuhn, B.]]
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[[Category: Kuhn B]]
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[[Category: Maerki, H P.]]
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[[Category: Maerki H-P]]
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[[Category: Meyer, M.]]
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[[Category: Meyer M]]
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[[Category: Mohr, P.]]
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[[Category: Mohr P]]
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[[Category: 208]]
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[[Category: nuclear receptor]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Mar 20 17:08:58 2008''
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Current revision

Structure-based Design of Indole Propionic Acids as Novel PPARag CO-Agonists

PDB ID 2gtk

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