|
|
| (5 intermediate revisions not shown.) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | + | |
| | ==HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) in complex with 6-(5-oxo-4-(1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid== | | ==HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) in complex with 6-(5-oxo-4-(1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid== |
| - | <StructureSection load='5a3u' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5a3u]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.30Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='5a3u' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5a3u]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.30Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5a3u]] is a 3 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5A3U OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5A3U FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5a3u]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5A3U OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5A3U FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=R8J:6-(5-OXO-4-(1H-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-1-YL)-2,5-DIHYDRO-1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)NICOTINIC+ACID'>R8J</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.3Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4bqw|4bqw]], [[4bqx|4bqx]], [[4bqy|4bqy]], [[2g19|2g19]], [[2g1m|2g1m]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=R8J:6-(5-OXO-4-(1H-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-1-YL)-2,5-DIHYDRO-1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)NICOTINIC+ACID'>R8J</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5a3u FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5a3u OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5a3u RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5a3u PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5a3u FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5a3u OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5a3u PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5a3u RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5a3u PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5a3u ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGLN1_HUMAN EGLN1_HUMAN]] Defects in EGLN1 are the cause of familial erythrocytosis type 3 (ECYT3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/609820 609820]]. ECYT3 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased serum red blood cell mass, elevated serum hemoglobin and hematocrit, and normal serum erythropoietin levels.<ref>PMID:16407130</ref> <ref>PMID:17579185</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGLN1_HUMAN EGLN1_HUMAN] Defects in EGLN1 are the cause of familial erythrocytosis type 3 (ECYT3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/609820 609820]. ECYT3 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased serum red blood cell mass, elevated serum hemoglobin and hematocrit, and normal serum erythropoietin levels.<ref>PMID:16407130</ref> <ref>PMID:17579185</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGLN1_HUMAN EGLN1_HUMAN]] Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF1B. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN1 is the most important isozyme under normoxia and, through regulating the stability of HIF1, involved in various hypoxia-influenced processes such as angiogenesis in retinal and cardiac functionality.<ref>PMID:11595184</ref> <ref>PMID:12351678</ref> <ref>PMID:15897452</ref> <ref>PMID:19339211</ref> <ref>PMID:21792862</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGLN1_HUMAN EGLN1_HUMAN] Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF1B. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN1 is the most important isozyme under normoxia and, through regulating the stability of HIF1, involved in various hypoxia-influenced processes such as angiogenesis in retinal and cardiac functionality.<ref>PMID:11595184</ref> <ref>PMID:12351678</ref> <ref>PMID:15897452</ref> <ref>PMID:19339211</ref> <ref>PMID:21792862</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| - | The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) system is central to the signaling of low oxygen (hypoxia) in animals. The levels of HIF-alpha isoforms are regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner by the activity of the HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD or EGLN enzymes), which are Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases. Here, we describe biochemical, crystallographic and cellular profiling studies on PHD inhibitors including selectivity studies using a representative set of human 2OG oxygenases. We identify suitable probe compounds for use in studies on the functional effects of PHD inhibition in cells and in animals.
| + | As part of the cellular adaptation to limiting oxygen availability in animals, the expression of a large set of genes is activated by the upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Therapeutic activation of the natural human hypoxic response can be achieved by the inhibition of the hypoxia sensors for the HIF system, i.e. the HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs). Here, we report studies on tricyclic triazole-containing compounds as potent and selective PHD inhibitors which compete with the 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate. One compound (IOX4) induces HIFalpha in cells and in wildtype mice with marked induction in the brain tissue, revealing that it is useful for studies aimed at validating the upregulation of HIF for treatment of cerebral diseases including stroke. |
| | | | |
| - | Selective Small Molecule Probes for the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Prolyl Hydroxylases.,Chowdhury R, Candela-Lena JI, Chan MC, Greenald DJ, Yeoh KK, Tian YM, McDonough MA, Tumber A, Rose NR, Conejo-Garcia A, Demetriades M, Mathavan S, Kawamura A, Lee MK, van Eeden F, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ ACS Chem Biol. 2013 May 17. PMID:23683440<ref>PMID:23683440</ref> | + | Potent and Selective Triazole-Based Inhibitors of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylases with Activity in the Murine Brain.,Chan MC, Atasoylu O, Hodson E, Tumber A, Leung IK, Chowdhury R, Gomez-Perez V, Demetriades M, Rydzik AM, Holt-Martyn J, Tian YM, Bishop T, Claridge TD, Kawamura A, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0132004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132004., eCollection 2015. PMID:26147748<ref>PMID:26147748</ref> |
| | | | |
| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 5a3u" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Polyl hydroxylase domain 3D structures|Polyl hydroxylase domain 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Chowdhury, R]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Gomez-Perez, V]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Schofield, C J]] | + | [[Category: Chowdhury R]] |
| - | [[Category: 2-oxoglutarate]] | + | [[Category: Gomez-Perez V]] |
| - | [[Category: Ankyrin repeat domain]] | + | [[Category: Schofield CJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Ard]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Asparaginyl/ aspartyl hydroxylase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Beta-hydroxylation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Cell structure]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Development]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Dioxygenase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Dna-binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Dsbh]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Egln]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Facial triad]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Helix-loop-helix-beta]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hif]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hif prolyl hydroxylase domain 2]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hypoxia]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hypoxia-inducible factor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Iron]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Metal-binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Non-heme]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxygenase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Phd2]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Phosphorylation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: S-nitrosylation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Signaling]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription activator/inhibitor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription and epigenetic regulation]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
EGLN1_HUMAN Defects in EGLN1 are the cause of familial erythrocytosis type 3 (ECYT3) [MIM:609820. ECYT3 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased serum red blood cell mass, elevated serum hemoglobin and hematocrit, and normal serum erythropoietin levels.[1] [2]
Function
EGLN1_HUMAN Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF1B. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN1 is the most important isozyme under normoxia and, through regulating the stability of HIF1, involved in various hypoxia-influenced processes such as angiogenesis in retinal and cardiac functionality.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
As part of the cellular adaptation to limiting oxygen availability in animals, the expression of a large set of genes is activated by the upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Therapeutic activation of the natural human hypoxic response can be achieved by the inhibition of the hypoxia sensors for the HIF system, i.e. the HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs). Here, we report studies on tricyclic triazole-containing compounds as potent and selective PHD inhibitors which compete with the 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate. One compound (IOX4) induces HIFalpha in cells and in wildtype mice with marked induction in the brain tissue, revealing that it is useful for studies aimed at validating the upregulation of HIF for treatment of cerebral diseases including stroke.
Potent and Selective Triazole-Based Inhibitors of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylases with Activity in the Murine Brain.,Chan MC, Atasoylu O, Hodson E, Tumber A, Leung IK, Chowdhury R, Gomez-Perez V, Demetriades M, Rydzik AM, Holt-Martyn J, Tian YM, Bishop T, Claridge TD, Kawamura A, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0132004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132004., eCollection 2015. PMID:26147748[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Percy MJ, Zhao Q, Flores A, Harrison C, Lappin TR, Maxwell PH, McMullin MF, Lee FS. A family with erythrocytosis establishes a role for prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 in oxygen homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 17;103(3):654-9. Epub 2006 Jan 9. PMID:16407130 doi:0508423103
- ↑ Percy MJ, Furlow PW, Beer PA, Lappin TR, McMullin MF, Lee FS. A novel erythrocytosis-associated PHD2 mutation suggests the location of a HIF binding groove. Blood. 2007 Sep 15;110(6):2193-6. Epub 2007 Jun 19. PMID:17579185 doi:10.1182/blood-2007-04-084434
- ↑ Epstein AC, Gleadle JM, McNeill LA, Hewitson KS, O'Rourke J, Mole DR, Mukherji M, Metzen E, Wilson MI, Dhanda A, Tian YM, Masson N, Hamilton DL, Jaakkola P, Barstead R, Hodgkin J, Maxwell PH, Pugh CW, Schofield CJ, Ratcliffe PJ. C. elegans EGL-9 and mammalian homologs define a family of dioxygenases that regulate HIF by prolyl hydroxylation. Cell. 2001 Oct 5;107(1):43-54. PMID:11595184
- ↑ Ivan M, Haberberger T, Gervasi DC, Michelson KS, Gunzler V, Kondo K, Yang H, Sorokina I, Conaway RC, Conaway JW, Kaelin WG Jr. Biochemical purification and pharmacological inhibition of a mammalian prolyl hydroxylase acting on hypoxia-inducible factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13459-64. Epub 2002 Sep 26. PMID:12351678 doi:10.1073/pnas.192342099
- ↑ Ozer A, Wu LC, Bruick RK. The candidate tumor suppressor ING4 represses activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 24;102(21):7481-6. Epub 2005 May 16. PMID:15897452 doi:0502716102
- ↑ Yasumoto K, Kowata Y, Yoshida A, Torii S, Sogawa K. Role of the intracellular localization of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 May;1793(5):792-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.014. , Epub 2009 Feb 5. PMID:19339211 doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.014
- ↑ Su Y, Loos M, Giese N, Metzen E, Buchler MW, Friess H, Kornberg A, Buchler P. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) exerts tumor-suppressive activity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer. 2012 Feb 15;118(4):960-72. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26344. Epub 2011 Jul 26. PMID:21792862 doi:10.1002/cncr.26344
- ↑ Chan MC, Atasoylu O, Hodson E, Tumber A, Leung IK, Chowdhury R, Gomez-Perez V, Demetriades M, Rydzik AM, Holt-Martyn J, Tian YM, Bishop T, Claridge TD, Kawamura A, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ. Potent and Selective Triazole-Based Inhibitors of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylases with Activity in the Murine Brain. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0132004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132004., eCollection 2015. PMID:26147748 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132004
|
