Antifreeze protein

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{{STRUCTURE_3vn3| PDB=3vn3 | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Antifreeze protein type III from ocean pout, [[4ame]] }}
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<StructureSection load='3vn3' size='350' side='right' caption='Fungal antifreeze protein complex with ethylene glycol (PDB code [[3vn3]])' scene='46/460278/Cv/2'>
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<StructureSection load='3vn3' size='340' side='right' caption='Tyrosine aminomutase complex with peptide-derived chromophore cofactor (PDB code [[2ohy]])' scene=''>
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__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Antifreeze protein''' (AFP) permits the survival of certain organisms in subzero temperatures. AFP binds to small ice crystals thus inhibiting their growth.<br />
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'''Antifreeze protein''' (AFP) permits the survival of certain organisms in subzero temperatures. AFP binds to small ice crystals thus inhibiting their growth.<ref>PMID:15152087</ref>. There are 3 types of AFP which differ in the ice crusts face to which they bind<ref>PMID:33317024</ref>.<br />
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*'''AFP I''' is Ala-rich and alpha helical<br />
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*'''AFP II''' is Cys-rich and globular<br />
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*'''AFP III''' is globular<br />
* For winter flounder antifreeze protein type I see [[User:Mary Ball/AFP]].<br />
* For winter flounder antifreeze protein type I see [[User:Mary Ball/AFP]].<br />
* For snow flea antifreeze protein see [[Sandox 2pne]]
* For snow flea antifreeze protein see [[Sandox 2pne]]
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AFPs are added to ice cream and yogurt. AFPs are tested as freeze tolerant for crops, cryosurgery, hypothermia therapy, food preservation and tissue transplant preservation.
AFPs are added to ice cream and yogurt. AFPs are tested as freeze tolerant for crops, cryosurgery, hypothermia therapy, food preservation and tissue transplant preservation.
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== 3D Structures of antifreeze protein ==
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== Structural highlights ==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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<scene name='46/460278/Cv/4'>AFP flat surface presents Thr residues</scene> at distances which match those of the primary prism plane of ice thus allowing for favorable interactions between the protein and ice crystals. Fungal antifreeze protein (PDB code [[3vn3]])<ref>PMID:22645341</ref> is shown.
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*AFP I
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== 3D Structures of antifreeze protein ==
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[[Antifreeze protein 3D structures]]
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**[[3p4g]] – MpAFP Ca-dependent residues 997-1318 – ''Marinomonas primoryensis''<BR />
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**[[4kdv]], [[4kdw]] – MpAFP Igg-like domain residues 101-204<br />
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**[[3bog]], [[3boi]], [[2pne]] – AFP glycine-rich – ''Hypogastrura harveyi''<BR />
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**[[1z2f]], [[1eww]] – sbAFP – spruce budworm – NMR<BR />
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**[[1m8n]] – sbAFP<BR />
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**[[1l0s]] – sbAFP (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1j5b]] – wfAFP I (mutant) – winter flounder – NMR<BR />
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**[[1wfa]], [[1wfb]] – wfAFP I <br />
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**[[1ezg]] – TmAFP – ''Tenebrio molitor''<br />
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**[[1l1i]] – TmAFP – NMR<br />
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**[[1y03]], [[1y04]] - AFP – ''Myoxocephalus scorpius'' - NMR<br />
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**[[3uyu]], [[3uyv]] – AFP residues 21-261 – arctic yeast<br />
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**[[1n4i]] – AFP – ''Choristoneura fumiferana''<br />
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**[[3vn3]] – AFP – snow mold fungus<br />
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**[[4dt5]] – AFP – ''Rhagium inquisitor''<br />
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**[[4nu2]], [[4nu3]], [[3wp9]] – AFP – ''Flavobacterium frigoris''<br />
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**[[4nuh]] – AFP – ''Leucosporidium''<br />
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*AFP II
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**[[2py2]] – AFP II – Atlantic herring<BR />
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**[[2afp]] – AFP II – sea raven - NMR<BR />
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**[[2zib]] – AFP II Ca-independent – ''Brachyopsis rostratus''
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*AFP III
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</StructureSection>
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**[[3qf6]] – opAFP III – ocean pout – Neutron<BR />
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== References ==
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**[[1ops]], [[4ny6]] – opAFP III<BR />
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<references/>
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**[[1hg7]], [[1b7i]], [[1b7j]], [[2ame]], [[1b7k]], [[1ekl]], [[1jab]], [[1msj]], [[2jia]], [[2msj]], [[3ame]], [[4ame]], [[6ame]], [[7ame]], [[8ame]], [[8msi]], [[9ame]], [[2spg]], [[9msi]], [[2msi]], [[3msi]], [[4msi]], [[5msi]], [[6msi]], [[7msi]], [[1ame]], [[1msi]], [[1gzi]] – opAFP III (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1kde]], [[1kdf]] - opAFP III (mutant) - NMR<BR />
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**[[1ucs]], [[4ur4]], [[4ur6]] – aepAFP III – Atlantic eel pout<BR />
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**[[3nla]], [[3rdn]] - aepAFP III N terminal]] - NMR<BR />
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**[[1c89]], [[1c8a]] – AFP III – ''Pachycara brachycephalum'' - NMR<BR />
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**[[2lx2]], [[2lx3]] – AFP III – ''Zoarces elongatus'' - NMR<br />
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}}
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Fungal antifreeze protein complex with ethylene glycol (PDB code 3vn3)

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References

  1. ↑ Jorov A, Zhorov BS, Yang DS. Theoretical study of interaction of winter flounder antifreeze protein with ice. Protein Sci. 2004 Jun;13(6):1524-37. PMID:15152087 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.04641104
  2. ↑ Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Antifreeze Proteins and Their Practical Utilization in Industry, Medicine, and Agriculture. Biomolecules. 2020 Dec 9;10(12):1649. PMID:33317024 doi:10.3390/biom10121649
  3. ↑ Kondo H, Hanada Y, Sugimoto H, Hoshino T, Garnham CP, Davies PL, Tsuda S. Ice-binding site of snow mold fungus antifreeze protein deviates from structural regularity and high conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 12;109(24):9360-5. Epub 2012 May 29. PMID:22645341 doi:10.1073/pnas.1121607109

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