Alkaline phosphatase

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<StructureSection load='1elx' size='350' side='right' scene='47/471754/Cv/1' caption='E. coli alkaline phosphatase dimer with Zn+2 (grey), Mg+2 (green) and phosphate ions, [[1elx]]'>
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<StructureSection load='1elx' size='400' side='right' scene='47/471754/Cv/1' caption='E. coli alkaline phosphatase dimer with Zn+2 (grey), Mg+2 (green) and phosphate ions, [[1elx]]'>
== Function ==
== Function ==
'''Alkaline phosphatase''' (ALP) is an enzyme which removes phosphate from nucleotides, proteins and alkaloids. The enzyme is most effective in alkaline environment. Human ALP is present as 3 tissue-associated isozymes: intestinal, tissue-nonspecific and placental ('''ALPP'''). ALP is a zinc and magnesium containing enzyme. ALP is a glycoprotein which is attached by a GPI anchor to cell surfaces.<ref>PMID:15946677</ref>
'''Alkaline phosphatase''' (ALP) is an enzyme which removes phosphate from nucleotides, proteins and alkaloids. The enzyme is most effective in alkaline environment. Human ALP is present as 3 tissue-associated isozymes: intestinal, tissue-nonspecific and placental ('''ALPP'''). ALP is a zinc and magnesium containing enzyme. ALP is a glycoprotein which is attached by a GPI anchor to cell surfaces.<ref>PMID:15946677</ref>
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See [[Alkaline phosphatase (Hebrew)]]
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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The <scene name='47/471754/Cv/2'>ALP active site includes the Zn+2 and Mg+2 ions</scene>.<ref>PMID:9533886</ref>
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The <scene name='47/471754/Cv/3'>ALP active site includes the Zn+2 and Mg+2 ions</scene>.<ref>PMID:9533886</ref> Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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</StructureSection>
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*<scene name='47/471754/Cv/4'>Zn cluster</scene>.
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*<scene name='47/471754/Cv/5'>Mg+2 coordination site</scene>.
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== 3D Structures of alkaline phosphatase ==
== 3D Structures of alkaline phosphatase ==
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[[Alkaline phosphatase 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*Alkaline phosphatase
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**[[1alk]], [[1ed9]], [[1ed8]] – EcALP + Zn + Mg – ''Eschechia coli''<br />
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**[[3bdh]] - EcALP + Mg<br />
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**[[1aja]], [[3bdf]], [[3bdg]] – EcALP (mutant) <br />
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**[[2mlx]], [[2mly]], [[2mlz]] – EcALP + trigger factor<br />
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**[[1ali]], [[1ajb]], [[1ajc]], [[1ajd]], [[1alj]], [[1ani]], [[1anj]], [[2anh]], [[1hqa]], [[1urb]], [[1hjk]], [[1khk]], [[1kh7]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg<br />
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**[[1ura]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn<br />
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**[[1khn]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn<br />
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**[[1b8j]] - EcALP + Zn + Mg + VO4<br />
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**[[1kh5]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + AlF3<BR />
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**[[1khj]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + AlF3<BR />
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**[[1k7h]] – nsALP + Zn + maleic acid – northern shrimp<br />
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**[[1shq]] - nsALP + Zn + Mg<br />
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**[[1zeb]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg – human<br />
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**[[1zef]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg + phenylalanine<br />
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**[[2glq]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg + Sr<br />
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**[[3e2d]] – ALP + Zn + Mg – ''Vibrio''<br />
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**[[3a52]] - ALP + Zn + Mg – ''Shewanella''<br />
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**[[3q3q]] - ALP + Zn + Ca – ''Sphingomonas''<br />
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**[[2yeq]] - ALP D + Fe + Ca – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
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**[[3zwu]] - PfALP Phox + Fe2O + VO4 – ''Pseudomonas fluorescens''<br />
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**[[4a9v]] - PfALP Phox + Fe2O + Ca <br />
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**[[3wbh]] - ALP + Zn + Mg – ''Halomonas''<br />
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*ALP complexes with phosphate derivative
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**[[1khl]], [[3dyc]], [[4km4]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1alh]], [[3tg0]] - EcALP + Zn + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1y6v]] - EcALP + Co + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1y7a]] - EcALP (mutant) + Co + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1elx]], [[1ely]], [[1elz]], [[1kh9]], [[1kh4]], [[2g9y]], [[3cmr]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[3dpc]] - EcALP (mutant) + phosphorylated peptide<br />
 
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**[[2ga3]] - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphothreonine<br />
 
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**[[1ew8]] - EcALP + Zn + phosphonoacetic acid + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1ew9]] - EcALP + Zn + Mg + mercaptomethyl phosphonate<br />
 
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**[[1shn]] - nsALP + Zn + phosphate<br />
 
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**[[1zed]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg + PO3 + nitrophenyl hydrogen methylphosphonate<br />
 
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**[[3mk0]], [[3mk1]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg + phosphate + nitrophenol + phosphoserine<br />
 
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**[[3mk2]] - hALPP + Zn + Mg + phosphoserine<br />
 
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**[[2iuc]] - AbALP + Zn + Mg + phosphate – ''Antarctic bacterium''<br />
 
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**[[2w5v]], [[2w5x]] - AbALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphoserine<br />
 
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**[[2w5w]] - AbALP (mutant) + Zn + phosphoserine<br />
 
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**[[2x98]] - ALP + Zn + Mg + phosphate – ''Halobacterium salinarum''<br />
 
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**[[4a9x]] - PfALP Phox + Fe2O + Ca + A[β,γ-methylene]TP <br />
 
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**[[4alf]] - PfALP Phox + Fe2O + Ca + phosphate <br />
 
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**[[4kjd]] - rALP + Mg + phosphoserine – rat<br />
 
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**[[4kjg]] - rALP + Zn + Mg + nitrophenyl phosphate <br />
 
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}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

E. coli alkaline phosphatase dimer with Zn+2 (grey), Mg+2 (green) and phosphate ions, 1elx

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References

  1. ↑ Llinas P, Stura EA, Menez A, Kiss Z, Stigbrand T, Millan JL, Le Du MH. Structural studies of human placental alkaline phosphatase in complex with functional ligands. J Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 15;350(3):441-51. PMID:15946677 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.04.068
  2. ↑ Stec B, Hehir MJ, Brennan C, Nolte M, Kantrowitz ER. Kinetic and X-ray structural studies of three mutant E. coli alkaline phosphatases: insights into the catalytic mechanism without the nucleophile Ser102. J Mol Biol. 1998 Apr 3;277(3):647-62. PMID:9533886 doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.1635

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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