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Defensin

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<StructureSection load='2pm4' size='350' side='right' caption='Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry [[2pm4]])' scene='50/509378/Cv/4'>
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<StructureSection load='2pm4' size='350' side='right' caption='Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry [[2pm4]])' scene=''>
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__TOC__
__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF contains 6-8 conserved cysteine residues. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].
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'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].
== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers. DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics.
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There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers. DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics<ref>PMID:2997278</ref>.
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients.
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Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients<ref>PMID:25265350</ref>.
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</StructureSection>
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==3D structures of defensin==
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*α-defensin
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== Structural highlights ==
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**[[1ica]] – DEFA – ''Protophormia terraenovae''<BR />
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DEF contains <scene name='50/509378/Cv/5'>6-8 conserved cysteine residues</scene>.
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**[[1ews]] – DEFA RK-1 – rabbit – NMR<BR />
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**[[2k1i]] - RmDEFA – Rhesus macaque - NMR<BR />
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**[[1zmh]], [[1zmi]], [[1zmk]] - hDEFA HNP-2 (mutant) – human<BR />
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**[[3gny]], [[3go0]], [[3hj2]] - hDEFA HNP-1<BR />
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**[[2kht]] - hDEFA HNP-1 - NMR<BR />
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**[[2pm1]], [[2pm4]], [[2pm5]], [[3hjd]], [[3h6c]], [[3lo1]], [[3lo2]], [[3lo4]], [[3lo6]], [[3lo8]], [[3loe]], [[3lvx]], [[4du0]], [[4lb1]], [[4lb7]], [[4lbb]], [[4lbf]] - hDEFA HNP-1 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1zmm]] – hDEFA4 <BR />
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**[[2lew]] – mDEFA4 (mutant) – mouse – NMR<br />
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**[[2ley]] – mDEFA4 – NMR<br />
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**[[1zmp]] – hDEFA5<BR />
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**[[2lxz]] – hDEFA5 – NMR<br />
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**[[3i5w]], [[4e82]], [[4e83]], [[4e86]] – hDEFA5 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1zmq]] – hDEFA6<BR />
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**[[3qte]] – hDEFA6 (mutant)
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*β-defensin
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==3D structures of defensin==
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[[Defensin 3D structures]]
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**[[1iju]], [[1ijv]] – hDEFB1<BR />
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</StructureSection>
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**[[2nlb]], [[2nld]], [[2nle]], [[2nlf]], [[2nlg]], [[2nlh]], [[2nlp]], [[2nlq]], [[2nls]], [[2plz]], [[2lwl]], [[2nlc]] - hDEFB1 (mutant) <BR />
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**[[1e4s]], [[1kj5]] – hDEFB1 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1fd3]], [[1fd4]] – hDEFB2 <BR />
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**[[1fqq]], [[1e4q]] - hDEFB2 – NMR<BR />
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**[[2lg5]] - cDEFB2 – chicken – NMR<BR />
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**[[2lg6]] - cDEFB2 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
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**[[1kj6]] – hDEFB3 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1e4t]] – mDEFB7 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1e4r]] - mDEFB8 – NMR<BR />
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**[[1bnb]] – DEFB12 – bovine – NMR<BR />
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*ϑ-defensin
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**[[1hvz]] – RmDEF1 – NMR<BR />
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*Other defensins
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**[[1dfn]] – hDEF HNP-3 <BR />
 
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**[[3lo9]] – hDEF1 (mutant)<br />
 
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**[[2mit]] – hDEF5 – NMR<br />
 
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**[[1fjn]] – DEF MGD-1 – Mediterranean mussel<BR />
 
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**[[1mr4]] – tDEF NAD1 – tobacco – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[4aaz]], [[4ab0]] - tDEF NAD1<BR />
 
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**[[4cqk]] - tDEF NAD1 + ligand<br />
 
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**[[1ozz]] – AdDEF ARD1 – ''Archaeoprepona demophon'' – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[1p00]], [[1p0a]] - AdDEF ARD1 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[1ti5]] - VrDEF – ''Vigna radiata'' – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2gl1]] – VrDEF2<BR />
 
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**[[2b68]] - DEF – Pacific oyster – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2b5b]] - DEF – Loggerhead turtle – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2e3e]], [[2e3f]], [[2e3g]], [[2ny8]], [[2ny9]], [[2nz3]] - DEF (mutant) – Anopheles – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2rng]] - DEF – Horseshoe crab – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[3psm]] – DEF – Potato bean<BR />
 
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**[[2ksk]] – DEF5 – Sugarcane - NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2lj7]] – DEF – lentil – NMR<br />
 
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**[[2lr3]] – DEF – barrel medic – NMR<br />
 
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}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry 2pm4)

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References

  1. ↑ White SH, Wimley WC, Selsted ME. Structure, function, and membrane integration of defensins. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1995 Aug;5(4):521-7. PMID:8528769
  2. ↑ Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, Harwig SS, Daher K, Bainton DF, Lehrer RI. Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1427-35. PMID:2997278 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI112120
  3. ↑ Zhuravel OV, Gerashchenko OL, Khetsuriani MR, Soldatkina MA, Pogrebnoy PV. Expression of human beta-defensins-1-4 in thyroid cancer cells and new insight on biologic activity of hBD-2 in vitro. Exp Oncol. 2014 Sep;36(3):174-8. PMID:25265350

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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