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| | ==COMPLETE KALIOTOXIN FROM ANDROCTONUS MAURETANICUS MAURETANICUS, NMR, 18 STRUCTURES== | | ==COMPLETE KALIOTOXIN FROM ANDROCTONUS MAURETANICUS MAURETANICUS, NMR, 18 STRUCTURES== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2ktx' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2ktx]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 18 NMR models]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2ktx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2ktx]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 18 NMR models]]' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2ktx]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andma Andma]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KTX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2KTX FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2ktx]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andma Andma]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KTX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2KTX FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ktx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2ktx OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2ktx PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2ktx RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2ktx PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ktx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2ktx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2ktx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2ktx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2ktx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2ktx ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KAX31_ANDMA KAX31_ANDMA]] Potent inhibitor of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK-Ca). Also binds to the dendrotoxin sensitive voltage-dependent potassium channel. It appears to block channel activity by a simple bimolecular inhibition process. Induces a transient period of fast flickering in the channel openings, followed by an almost complete blockade of the channel. Its binding affinity to rat brain synaptosomes is 5-fold higher than this of KTX-3. Binding of the toxin to the channel is associated with significant structural rearrangements in both molecules. | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KAX31_ANDMA KAX31_ANDMA]] Potent inhibitor of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK-Ca). Also binds to the dendrotoxin sensitive voltage-dependent potassium channel. It appears to block channel activity by a simple bimolecular inhibition process. Induces a transient period of fast flickering in the channel openings, followed by an almost complete blockade of the channel. Its binding affinity to rat brain synaptosomes is 5-fold higher than this of KTX-3. Binding of the toxin to the channel is associated with significant structural rearrangements in both molecules. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> | | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| - | <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/kt/2ktx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/kt/2ktx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Potassium channel toxin|Potassium channel toxin]] | + | *[[Potassium channel toxin 3D structures|Potassium channel toxin 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Andma]] | | [[Category: Andma]] |
| | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | [[Category: Fernandez, I]] | | [[Category: Fernandez, I]] |
| | [[Category: Gairi, M]] | | [[Category: Gairi, M]] |
| Structural highlights
Function
[KAX31_ANDMA] Potent inhibitor of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK-Ca). Also binds to the dendrotoxin sensitive voltage-dependent potassium channel. It appears to block channel activity by a simple bimolecular inhibition process. Induces a transient period of fast flickering in the channel openings, followed by an almost complete blockade of the channel. Its binding affinity to rat brain synaptosomes is 5-fold higher than this of KTX-3. Binding of the toxin to the channel is associated with significant structural rearrangements in both molecules.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Kaliotoxin (KTX) is a natural peptide blocker of voltage-dependent K+ channels. The 3D structure of a truncated analogue of KTX (Fernandez et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 14256-14263) was determined by NMR spectroscopy and showed significant differences from structures established for other related scorpion toxins. A recent publication with the structure of the complete toxin (Aiyar et al. (1995) Neuron 15, 1169-1181) did not confirm these differences. In this communication we report NMR data for KTX at pH 3.0, 5.5 and 7.2 and the 3D structure obtained from data at pH = 5.5. Complete KTX displays a folding similar to that of other toxins with an alpha-helix and a beta-sheet linked by two disulphide bonds. The pKa of His 34 is anomalously low (4.7-5.2 depending on the buffer) owing to its interaction with two Lys residues (including the essential Lys 27), the charged N-terminus and the side chain of Met 29. Charged residues are placed symmetrically with respect to an axis that approximately coincides with one of the principal components of the moment of inertia of the toxin. His 34, which occupies a well-defined position between two conserved Cys, is located on the centre of a layer of charged groups. Positively and negatively charged residues are found at the same position in related toxins. It is suggested that electrostatic effects modulate the distances between positive charges in flexible side chains, contributing to the fine tuning of the selectivity toward different channel subclasses and that the approximate coincidence between the moment of inertia and the charge axis facilitate the approach of the toxin to the channel. The very low pKa of His 34 implies that it will be completely unprotonated at physiological pH.
3D structure of kaliotoxin: is residue 34 a key for channel selectivity?,Gairi M, Romi R, Fernandez I, Rochat H, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Van Rietschoten J, Pons M, Giralt E J Pept Sci. 1997 Jul-Aug;3(4):314-9. PMID:9262650[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Gairi M, Romi R, Fernandez I, Rochat H, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Van Rietschoten J, Pons M, Giralt E. 3D structure of kaliotoxin: is residue 34 a key for channel selectivity? J Pept Sci. 1997 Jul-Aug;3(4):314-9. PMID:9262650 doi:<314::AID-PSC117>3.0.CO;2-E 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1387(199707)3:4<314::AID-PSC117>3.0.CO;2-E
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