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| | ==Crystal Structure of Galactose Oxidase, W290H mutant== | | ==Crystal Structure of Galactose Oxidase, W290H mutant== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2eib' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2eib]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2eib' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2eib]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2eib]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_graminearum Fusarium graminearum]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2EIB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2EIB FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2eib]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_graminearum Fusarium graminearum]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2EIB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2EIB FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CU:COPPER+(II)+ION'>CU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2eic|2eic]], [[2eid|2eid]], [[2eie|2eie]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CU:COPPER+(II)+ION'>CU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">go ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=5518 Fusarium graminearum])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2eib FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2eib OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2eib PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2eib RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2eib PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2eib ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose_oxidase Galactose oxidase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.1.3.9 1.1.3.9] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2eib FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2eib OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2eib PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2eib RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2eib PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GAOA_GIBZA GAOA_GIBZA] Catalyzes the sterospecific oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. The biologically relevant substrate of the enzyme is not known as the enzyme exhibits broad substrate specificity from small alcohols through sugars to oligo- and polysaccharides.<ref>PMID:13641238</ref> <ref>PMID:4441089</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> | | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| - | <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ei/2eib_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ei/2eib_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Fusarium graminearum]] | | [[Category: Fusarium graminearum]] |
| - | [[Category: Galactose oxidase]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Knowles, P F]] | + | [[Category: Knowles PF]] |
| - | [[Category: McPherson, M J]] | + | [[Category: McPherson MJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Phillips, S E]] | + | [[Category: Phillips SE]] |
| - | [[Category: Wilmot, C]] | + | [[Category: Wilmot C]] |
| - | [[Category: Galactose oxidase mutant]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
GAOA_GIBZA Catalyzes the sterospecific oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. The biologically relevant substrate of the enzyme is not known as the enzyme exhibits broad substrate specificity from small alcohols through sugars to oligo- and polysaccharides.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The function of the stacking tryptophan, W290, a second-coordination sphere residue in galactose oxidase, has been investigated via steady-state kinetics measurements, absorption, CD and EPR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography of the W290F, W290G, and W290H variants. Enzymatic turnover is significantly slower in the W290 variants. The Km for D-galactose for W290H is similar to that of the wild type, whereas the Km is greatly elevated in W290G and W290F, suggesting a role for W290 in substrate binding and/or positioning via the NH group of the indole ring. Hydrogen bonding between W290 and azide in the wild type-azide crystal structure are consistent with this function. W290 modulates the properties and reactivity of the redox-active tyrosine radical; the Y272 tyrosyl radicals in both the W290G and W290H variants have elevated redox potentials and are highly unstable compared to the radical in W290F, which has properties similar to those of the wild-type tyrosyl radical. W290 restricts the accessibility of the Y272 radical site to solvent. Crystal structures show that Y272 is significantly more solvent exposed in the W290G variant but that W290F limits solvent access comparable to the wild-type indole side chain. Spectroscopic studies indicate that the Cu(II) ground states in the semireduced W290 variants are very similar to that of the wild-type protein. In addition, the electronic structures of W290X-azide complexes are also closely similar to the wild-type electronic structure. Azide binding and azide-mediated proton uptake by Y495 are perturbed in the variants, indicating that tryptophan also modulates the function of the catalytic base (Y495) in the wild-type enzyme. Thus, W290 plays multiple critical roles in enzyme catalysis, affecting substrate binding, the tyrosyl radical redox potential and stability, and the axial tyrosine function.
The stacking tryptophan of galactose oxidase: a second-coordination sphere residue that has profound effects on tyrosyl radical behavior and enzyme catalysis.,Rogers MS, Tyler EM, Akyumani N, Kurtis CR, Spooner RK, Deacon SE, Tamber S, Firbank SJ, Mahmoud K, Knowles PF, Phillips SE, McPherson MJ, Dooley DM Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 17;46(15):4606-18. Epub 2007 Mar 27. PMID:17385891[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ COOPER JA, SMITH W, BACILA M, MEDINA H. Galactose oxidase from Polyporus circinatus, Fr. J Biol Chem. 1959 Mar;234(3):445-8 PMID:13641238
- ↑ Kosman DJ, Ettinger MJ, Weiner RE, Massaro EJ. The molecular properties of the copper enzyme galactose oxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Dec;165(2):456-67. PMID:4441089 doi:10.1016/0003-9861(74)90271-9
- ↑ Rogers MS, Tyler EM, Akyumani N, Kurtis CR, Spooner RK, Deacon SE, Tamber S, Firbank SJ, Mahmoud K, Knowles PF, Phillips SE, McPherson MJ, Dooley DM. The stacking tryptophan of galactose oxidase: a second-coordination sphere residue that has profound effects on tyrosyl radical behavior and enzyme catalysis. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 17;46(15):4606-18. Epub 2007 Mar 27. PMID:17385891 doi:10.1021/bi062139d
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