Lactoferrin
From Proteopedia
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| - | + | <StructureSection load='1bka' size='400' side='right' caption='Human lactoferrin complex with oxalate and Fe+3 ion (PDB entry [[1bka]])' scene='45/455488/Cv/1'> | |
| - | <StructureSection load=' | + | |
== Function == | == Function == | ||
| - | '''Lactoferrin''' (LTF) is found in secretory fluids | + | '''Lactoferrin''' or '''lactotransferrin''' (LTF) is found in secretory fluids. LTF interacts with DNA, RNA, polysaccharides and heparin<ref>PMID:19519436</ref>. For detailed discussion of human lactoferrin see [[Human lactoferrin]]. |
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
| - | LTF is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin. | + | LTF is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin. It is a component of the immune system and has antimicrobial activity<ref>PMID:14568385</ref>. LTF can be used as a marker for inflammatory bowel disease<ref>PMID:11866274</ref>. |
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| + | == Structural highlights == | ||
| + | LTF is a bilobal protein with the <scene name='45/455488/Cv/7'>N-terminal half and the C-terminal half called N-lobe and C-lobe</scene>. LTF binds with high affinity Fe+3 ion and an anion in both its N-lobe and its C-lobe<ref>PMID:8703903</ref>. The binding site is between the 2 domains of each lobe. | ||
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| + | <scene name='45/455488/Cv/8'>N-lobe binding site</scene>. | ||
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| + | The <scene name='45/455488/Cv/9'>anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion</scene>. | ||
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| + | <scene name='45/455488/Cv/10'>C-lobe binding site</scene>. | ||
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| + | The <scene name='45/455488/Cv/11'>anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion</scene>. | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== 3D Structures of lactoferrin == | == 3D Structures of lactoferrin == | ||
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*Apo lactoferrin | *Apo lactoferrin | ||
| - | **[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR /> | ||
**[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR /> | **[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR /> | ||
**[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR /> | **[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR /> | ||
**[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br /> | **[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1y58]], [[1y5c]] - bLTF residues 4-14 – NMR<br /> | ||
**[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br /> | **[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br /> | ||
*Lactoferrin | *Lactoferrin | ||
| + | **[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| + | **[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| + | **[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| + | **[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> | ||
**[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR /> | **[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR /> | ||
**[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR /> | **[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[5cry]], [[5hbc]], [[7enu]], [[7equ]], [[7ev0]], [[7evq]], [[7fdw]] - bLTF C lobe + Fe+3<br /> | ||
**[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | **[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | ||
**[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br /> | **[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br /> | ||
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**[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR /> | **[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR /> | ||
**[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br /> | **[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| - | **[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR /> | ||
| - | **[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br /> | ||
| - | **[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> | ||
**[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat | **[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat | ||
| - | *Lactoferrin | + | *Lactoferrin complex |
| + | **[[1bka]] - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[7jrd]] - hLTF + 2Fe + LTF-binding protein<br /> | ||
| + | **[[7n88]] - hLTF + 2Fe + LTF-binding protein – Cryo EM<br /> | ||
| + | **[[1lcf]] - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate<BR /> | ||
| + | **[[2pms]] – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe<br /> | ||
**[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | **[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | ||
**[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | **[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | ||
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**[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br /> | **[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br /> | ||
**[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR /> | **[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR /> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Current revision
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3D Structures of lactoferrin
Updated on 15-June-2023
References
- ↑ Actor JK, Hwang SA, Kruzel ML. Lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(17):1956-73. PMID:19519436
- ↑ Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrin--a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol Immunol. 2003 Nov;40(7):395-405. PMID:14568385
- ↑ Kayazawa M, Saitoh O, Kojima K, Nakagawa K, Tanaka S, Tabata K, Matsuse R, Uchida K, Hoshimoto M, Hirata I, Katsu K. Lactoferrin in whole gut lavage fluid as a marker for disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: comparison with other neutrophil-derived proteins. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):360-9. PMID:11866274 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05470.x
- ↑ Baker HM, Anderson BF, Brodie AM, Shongwe MS, Smith CA, Baker EN. Anion binding by transferrins: importance of second-shell effects revealed by the crystal structure of oxalate-substituted diferric lactoferrin. Biochemistry. 1996 Jul 16;35(28):9007-13. PMID:8703903 doi:10.1021/bi960288y
