User:Brittany Stankavich/Sandbox 2
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< User:Brittany Stankavich(Difference between revisions)
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| - | <StructureSection load=' | + | <StructureSection load='5emq' size='340' side='right' caption='The DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor acting as a homodimer' scene='73/732470/Gr-dbd/1'> |
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| - | + | Human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a protein encoded by the gene NR3C1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 1). GR functions as both a transcription factor binding glucocorticoid response elements to activate transcription of genes as well as a regulator of other transcription factors. | |
== Glucose Homeostasis == | == Glucose Homeostasis == | ||
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=== Gluconeogenesis === | === Gluconeogenesis === | ||
| - | Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver to generate glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and gluconeogenic amino acids such as alanine. [[insert pathway]] | + | Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver to generate glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and gluconeogenic amino acids such as alanine<ref name="Homeo">DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-2895-8_5</ref>. [[insert pathway]] |
| - | GC increase the activity of gluconeogenesis in hepatic cells predominantly by activating the transcription of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase (PC), cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), phosphofructokinase 2/fructose bisphosphatase 2 complex (PFKFB1), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and glucose-6-phosophate (G6P) transporter. GC coordinate with an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to signal | + | GC increase the activity of gluconeogenesis in hepatic cells predominantly by activating the transcription of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase (PC), cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), phosphofructokinase 2/fructose bisphosphatase 2 complex (PFKFB1), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and glucose-6-phosophate (G6P) transporter<ref name= "Homeo"/>. GC coordinate with an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to initiate signal transduction. Prior to the GC/GR binding however, GR is complexed with a chaperone Hsp90 in the cytoplasm. Upon binding of the GC to the GR, the Hsp90 chaperone dissociates from the GR and the resulting GR/GC complex enters the nucleus<ref name= "Homeo"/>. The GR is then recruited to specific genomic sequences called glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) <ref name= "Homeo"/>. |
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