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| | ==Structure of apo anthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera== | | ==Structure of apo anthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2rh8' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2rh8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.22Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2rh8' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2rh8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.22Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2rh8]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape Grape]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2RH8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2RH8 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2rh8]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_vinifera Vitis vinifera]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2RH8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2RH8 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.22Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">VvANR ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=29760 Grape])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanidin_reductase Anthocyanidin reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.3.1.77 1.3.1.77] </span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2rh8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2rh8 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2rh8 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2rh8 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2rh8 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2rh8 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2rh8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2rh8 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2rh8 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2rh8 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2rh8 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2rh8 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANRCS_VITVI ANRCS_VITVI] Produces the terminal flavan-3-ol monomers required for the formation of proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins in leaves and flowers, as well as in the skin and seeds of developing berries (Ref.1, PubMed:16169968). Behaves as a reductase and as a C-3 epimerase (PubMed:20030585). Catalyzes the double reduction of anthocyanidins, producing a mixture of (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-flavan-3-ols (Ref.1). The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydride transfers to C-2 and C-4, respectively and epimerization at C-3 is achieved by tautomerization that occurs between the two hydride transfers (PubMed:20030585). Converts cyanidin, pelargonidin and delphinidin into catechin and epicatechin, afzelechin and epiafzelechin, and gallocatechin and epigallocatechin respectively (PubMed:19690377).<ref>PMID:16169968</ref> <ref>PMID:19690377</ref> <ref>PMID:20030585</ref> [UniProtKB:A0A059TC02] |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> | | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| - | <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/rh/2rh8_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/rh/2rh8_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Anthocyanidin reductase]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Grape]] | + | [[Category: Vitis vinifera]] |
| - | [[Category: Estaintot, B Langlois D]]
| + | [[Category: Gallois B]] |
| - | [[Category: Gallois, B]] | + | [[Category: Gargouri M]] |
| - | [[Category: Gargouri, M]] | + | [[Category: Granier T]] |
| - | [[Category: Granier, T]] | + | [[Category: Langlois D'Estaintot B]] |
| - | [[Category: Manigan, C]] | + | [[Category: Manigan C]] |
| - | [[Category: Mauge, C]] | + | [[Category: Mauge C]] |
| - | [[Category: Flavonoid]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Rossmann fold]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
ANRCS_VITVI Produces the terminal flavan-3-ol monomers required for the formation of proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins in leaves and flowers, as well as in the skin and seeds of developing berries (Ref.1, PubMed:16169968). Behaves as a reductase and as a C-3 epimerase (PubMed:20030585). Catalyzes the double reduction of anthocyanidins, producing a mixture of (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-flavan-3-ols (Ref.1). The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydride transfers to C-2 and C-4, respectively and epimerization at C-3 is achieved by tautomerization that occurs between the two hydride transfers (PubMed:20030585). Converts cyanidin, pelargonidin and delphinidin into catechin and epicatechin, afzelechin and epiafzelechin, and gallocatechin and epigallocatechin respectively (PubMed:19690377).[1] [2] [3] [UniProtKB:A0A059TC02]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Together with leucoanthocyanidin reductase, anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the two enzymes of the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway that produces the flavan-3-ol monomers required for the formation of proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins. It has been shown to catalyse the double reduction of anthocyanidins to form 2R,3R-flavan-3-ols, which can be further transformed to the 2S,3R isomers by non-enzymatic epimerization. ANR from grape (Vitis vinifera) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Unexpectedly, RP-HPLC, LC-MS and NMR experiments clearly established that the enzyme produces a 50:50 mixture of 2,3-cis and 2,3-trans flavan-3-ols which have been identified by chiral chromatography to be 2S,3S- and 2S,3R-flavan-3-ols, i.e. the naturally rare (+)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin, when cyanidin is used as the substrate of the reaction. The first three-dimensional structure of ANR is described at a resolution of 2.2 A and explains the inactivity of the enzyme in the presence of high salt concentrations.
Structure and epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from Vitis vinifera.,Gargouri M, Manigand C, Mauge C, Granier T, Langlois d'Estaintot B, Cala O, Pianet I, Bathany K, Chaudiere J, Gallois B Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):989-1000. Epub 2009, Aug 14. PMID:19690377[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Bogs J, Downey MO, Harvey JS, Ashton AR, Tanner GJ, Robinson SP. Proanthocyanidin synthesis and expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase in developing grape berries and grapevine leaves. Plant Physiol. 2005 Oct;139(2):652-63. PMID:16169968 doi:10.1104/pp.105.064238
- ↑ Gargouri M, Manigand C, Mauge C, Granier T, Langlois d'Estaintot B, Cala O, Pianet I, Bathany K, Chaudiere J, Gallois B. Structure and epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from Vitis vinifera. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):989-1000. Epub 2009, Aug 14. PMID:19690377 doi:10.1107/S0907444909025013
- ↑ Gargouri M, Chaudière J, Manigand C, Maugé C, Bathany K, Schmitter JM, Gallois B. The epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from Vitis vinifera and its regiospecific hydride transfers. Biol Chem. 2010 Feb-Mar;391(2-3):219-227. PMID:20030585 doi:10.1515/bc.2010.015
- ↑ Gargouri M, Manigand C, Mauge C, Granier T, Langlois d'Estaintot B, Cala O, Pianet I, Bathany K, Chaudiere J, Gallois B. Structure and epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from Vitis vinifera. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):989-1000. Epub 2009, Aug 14. PMID:19690377 doi:10.1107/S0907444909025013
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