|
|
| (One intermediate revision not shown.) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | | | |
| | ==Glucocorticoid Receptor DNA Binding Domain in complex with AP-1 response element from VCAM-1 Promoter== | | ==Glucocorticoid Receptor DNA Binding Domain in complex with AP-1 response element from VCAM-1 Promoter== |
| - | <StructureSection load='5va0' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5va0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.29Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='5va0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5va0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.29Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5va0]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VA0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VA0 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5va0]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VA0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VA0 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.295Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5va7|5va7]]</td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5va0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5va0 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5va0 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5va0 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5va0 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5va0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5va0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5va0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5va0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5va0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5va0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5va0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCR_HUMAN GCR_HUMAN]] Defects in NR3C1 are a cause of glucocorticoid resistance (GCRES) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/138040 138040]]; also known as cortisol resistance. It is a hypertensive, hyperandrogenic disorder characterized by increased serum cortisol concentrations. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:12050230</ref> <ref>PMID:1704018</ref> <ref>PMID:7683692</ref> <ref>PMID:11589680</ref> <ref>PMID:11701741</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCR_HUMAN GCR_HUMAN] Defects in NR3C1 are a cause of glucocorticoid resistance (GCRES) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/138040 138040]; also known as cortisol resistance. It is a hypertensive, hyperandrogenic disorder characterized by increased serum cortisol concentrations. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:12050230</ref> <ref>PMID:1704018</ref> <ref>PMID:7683692</ref> <ref>PMID:11589680</ref> <ref>PMID:11701741</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCR_HUMAN GCR_HUMAN]] Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a significant role in transactivation.<ref>PMID:21664385</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCR_HUMAN GCR_HUMAN] Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a significant role in transactivation.<ref>PMID:21664385</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| Line 21: |
Line 21: |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 5va0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 5va0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Glucocorticoid receptor 3D structures|Glucocorticoid receptor 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Ortlund, E A]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Weikum, E R]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Development]] | + | [[Category: Ortlund EA]] |
| - | [[Category: Dna binding]] | + | [[Category: Weikum ER]] |
| - | [[Category: Nuclear receptor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein-dna complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription factor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transcription-dna complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
GCR_HUMAN Defects in NR3C1 are a cause of glucocorticoid resistance (GCRES) [MIM:138040; also known as cortisol resistance. It is a hypertensive, hyperandrogenic disorder characterized by increased serum cortisol concentrations. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Function
GCR_HUMAN Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a significant role in transactivation.[6]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that controls the expression of extensive gene networks, driving both up- and down-regulation. GR utilizes multiple DNA-binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms to achieve context-specific transcriptional outcomes. The DNA-binding-independent mechanism involves tethering of GR to the pro-inflammatory transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) through protein-protein interactions. This mechanism has served as the predominant model of GR-mediated transrepression of inflammatory genes. However, ChIP-seq data have consistently shown GR to occupy AP-1 response elements (TREs), even in the absence of AP-1. Therefore, the current model is insufficient to explain GR action at these sites. Here, we show that GR regulates a subset of inflammatory genes in a DNA-binding-dependent manner. Using structural biology and biochemical approaches, we show that GR binds directly to TREs via sequence-specific contacts to a GR-binding sequence (GBS) half-site found embedded within the TRE motif. Furthermore, we show that GR-mediated transrepression observed at TRE sites to be DNA-binding-dependent. This represents a paradigm shift in the field, showing that GR uses multiple mechanisms to suppress inflammatory gene expression. This work further expands our understanding of this complex multifaceted transcription factor.
Tethering not required: the glucocorticoid receptor binds directly to activator protein-1 recognition motifs to repress inflammatory genes.,Weikum ER, de Vera IMS, Nwachukwu JC, Hudson WH, Nettles KW, Kojetin DJ, Ortlund EA Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jun 7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx509. PMID:28591827[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Vottero A, Kino T, Combe H, Lecomte P, Chrousos GP. A novel, C-terminal dominant negative mutation of the GR causes familial glucocorticoid resistance through abnormal interactions with p160 steroid receptor coactivators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2658-67. PMID:12050230
- ↑ Hurley DM, Accili D, Stratakis CA, Karl M, Vamvakopoulos N, Rorer E, Constantine K, Taylor SI, Chrousos GP. Point mutation causing a single amino acid substitution in the hormone binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in familial glucocorticoid resistance. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):680-6. PMID:1704018 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI115046
- ↑ Malchoff DM, Brufsky A, Reardon G, McDermott P, Javier EC, Bergh CH, Rowe D, Malchoff CD. A mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary cortisol resistance. J Clin Invest. 1993 May;91(5):1918-25. PMID:7683692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI116410
- ↑ Ruiz M, Lind U, Gafvels M, Eggertsen G, Carlstedt-Duke J, Nilsson L, Holtmann M, Stierna P, Wikstrom AC, Werner S. Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):363-71. PMID:11589680
- ↑ Kino T, Stauber RH, Resau JH, Pavlakis GN, Chrousos GP. Pathologic human GR mutant has a transdominant negative effect on the wild-type GR by inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus: importance of the ligand-binding domain for intracellular GR trafficking. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5600-8. PMID:11701741
- ↑ Psarra AM, Sekeris CE. Glucocorticoids induce mitochondrial gene transcription in HepG2 cells: role of the mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Oct;1813(10):1814-21. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.014. Epub 2011 Jun 2. PMID:21664385 doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.014
- ↑ Weikum ER, de Vera IMS, Nwachukwu JC, Hudson WH, Nettles KW, Kojetin DJ, Ortlund EA. Tethering not required: the glucocorticoid receptor binds directly to activator protein-1 recognition motifs to repress inflammatory genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jun 7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx509. PMID:28591827 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx509
|
