| Structural highlights
Function
CSK21_HUMAN Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
CK2 is a critical cell cycle regulator that also promotes various anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Development of ATP-non-competitive inhibitors of CK2 is a very attractive strategy considering that the ATP binding site is highly conserved among other kinases. We have previously utilised a pocket outside the active site to develop a novel CK2 inhibitor, CAM4066. Whilst CAM4066 bound to this new pocket it was also interacting with the ATP site: herein, we describe an example of a CK2alpha inhibitor that binds completely outside the active site. This second generation alphaD-site binding inhibitor, compound CAM4712 (IC50 = 7 muM, GI50 = 10.0 +/- 3.6 muM), has numerous advantages over the previously reported CAM4066, including a reduction in the number of rotatable bonds, the absence of amide groups susceptible to the action of proteases and improved cellular permeability. Unlike with CAM4066, there was no need to facilitate cellular uptake by making a prodrug. Moreover, CAM4712 displayed no drop off between its ability to inhibit the kinase in vitro (IC50) and the ability to inhibit cell proliferation (GI50).
Second-generation CK2alpha inhibitors targeting the alphaD pocket.,Iegre J, Brear P, De Fusco C, Yoshida M, Mitchell SL, Rossmann M, Carro L, Sore HF, Hyvonen M, Spring DR Chem Sci. 2018 Feb 20;9(11):3041-3049. doi: 10.1039/c7sc05122k. eCollection 2018 , Mar 21. PMID:29732088[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Keller DM, Zeng X, Wang Y, Zhang QH, Kapoor M, Shu H, Goodman R, Lozano G, Zhao Y, Lu H. A DNA damage-induced p53 serine 392 kinase complex contains CK2, hSpt16, and SSRP1. Mol Cell. 2001 Feb;7(2):283-92. PMID:11239457
- ↑ Sayed M, Pelech S, Wong C, Marotta A, Salh B. Protein kinase CK2 is involved in G2 arrest and apoptosis following spindle damage in epithelial cells. Oncogene. 2001 Oct 25;20(48):6994-7005. PMID:11704824 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204894
- ↑ Shin S, Lee Y, Kim W, Ko H, Choi H, Kim K. Caspase-2 primes cancer cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by processing procaspase-8. EMBO J. 2005 Oct 19;24(20):3532-42. Epub 2005 Sep 29. PMID:16193064 doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600827
- ↑ St-Denis NA, Derksen DR, Litchfield DW. Evidence for regulation of mitotic progression through temporal phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CK2alpha. Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;29(8):2068-81. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01563-08. Epub 2009 Feb, 2. PMID:19188443 doi:10.1128/MCB.01563-08
- ↑ Iegre J, Brear P, De Fusco C, Yoshida M, Mitchell SL, Rossmann M, Carro L, Sore HF, Hyvonen M, Spring DR. Second-generation CK2alpha inhibitors targeting the alphaD pocket. Chem Sci. 2018 Feb 20;9(11):3041-3049. doi: 10.1039/c7sc05122k. eCollection 2018 , Mar 21. PMID:29732088 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc05122k
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