1at0

Structural highlights

Function

HH_DROME Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu).^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} The hedgehog protein N-product constitutes the active species in both local and long-range signaling, whereas the C-terminal product has no signaling activity. It acts as a morphogen, and diffuses long distances despite its lipidation. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix play an essential role in diffusion. Lipophorin is required for diffusion, probably by acting as vehicle for its movement, explaining how it can spread over long distances despite its lipidation.^{[5] [6] [7] [8]} The hedgehog protein C-product, which mediates the autocatalytic activity, has no signaling activity.^{[9] [10] [11] [12]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Tashiro S, Michiue T, Higashijima S, Zenno S, Ishimaru S, Takahashi F, Orihara M, Kojima T, Saigo K. Structure and expression of hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication. Gene. 1993 Feb 28;124(2):183-9. PMID:8166882
2. ↑ Lee JJ, von Kessler DP, Parks S, Beachy PA. Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog. Cell. 1992 Oct 2;71(1):33-50. PMID:1394430
3. ↑ Tabata T, Eaton S, Kornberg TB. The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation. Genes Dev. 1992 Dec;6(12B):2635-45. PMID:1340474
4. ↑ Lee JD, Kraus P, Gaiano N, Nery S, Kohtz J, Fishell G, Loomis CA, Treisman JE. An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development. Dev Biol. 2001 May 1;233(1):122-36. PMID:11319862 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2001.0218
5. ↑ Tashiro S, Michiue T, Higashijima S, Zenno S, Ishimaru S, Takahashi F, Orihara M, Kojima T, Saigo K. Structure and expression of hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication. Gene. 1993 Feb 28;124(2):183-9. PMID:8166882
6. ↑ Lee JJ, von Kessler DP, Parks S, Beachy PA. Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog. Cell. 1992 Oct 2;71(1):33-50. PMID:1394430
7. ↑ Tabata T, Eaton S, Kornberg TB. The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation. Genes Dev. 1992 Dec;6(12B):2635-45. PMID:1340474
8. ↑ Lee JD, Kraus P, Gaiano N, Nery S, Kohtz J, Fishell G, Loomis CA, Treisman JE. An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development. Dev Biol. 2001 May 1;233(1):122-36. PMID:11319862 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2001.0218
9. ↑ Tashiro S, Michiue T, Higashijima S, Zenno S, Ishimaru S, Takahashi F, Orihara M, Kojima T, Saigo K. Structure and expression of hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication. Gene. 1993 Feb 28;124(2):183-9. PMID:8166882
10. ↑ Lee JJ, von Kessler DP, Parks S, Beachy PA. Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog. Cell. 1992 Oct 2;71(1):33-50. PMID:1394430
11. ↑ Tabata T, Eaton S, Kornberg TB. The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation. Genes Dev. 1992 Dec;6(12B):2635-45. PMID:1340474
12. ↑ Lee JD, Kraus P, Gaiano N, Nery S, Kohtz J, Fishell G, Loomis CA, Treisman JE. An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development. Dev Biol. 2001 May 1;233(1):122-36. PMID:11319862 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2001.0218
13. ↑ Hall TM, Porter JA, Young KE, Koonin EV, Beachy PA, Leahy DJ. Crystal structure of a Hedgehog autoprocessing domain: homology between Hedgehog and self-splicing proteins. Cell. 1997 Oct 3;91(1):85-97. PMID:9335337