Dihydropteroate synthase

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<StructureSection load='1tws' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Dihydropteroate synthase complex with sulfate (PDB code [[1tws]])'>
<StructureSection load='1tws' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Dihydropteroate synthase complex with sulfate (PDB code [[1tws]])'>
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'''Dihydropteroate synthase''' (DHPS) catalyzes the condensation of 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine pyrophosphate to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to form 7,8-dihydropteroate. DHPs is a key enzyme in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for nucleic acid synthesis. DHPS is found in bacteria and not in eukaryotes. Hence, it makes a target to sulfonamide antibiotics. Some DHPS contain a dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase domain at their N terminal and are named PPPK-DHPS.
 
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=== Insights into the drug resistance induced by the BaDHPS mutations: molecular dynamic simulations and MM/GBSA studies <ref>doi 10.1080/07391102.2012.726529</ref>===
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__TOC__
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==Function==
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'''Dihydropteroate synthase''' (DHPS) catalyzes the condensation of 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine pyrophosphate to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to form 7,8-dihydropteroate. DHPs is a key enzyme in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for nucleic acid synthesis. DHPS is found in bacteria and not in eukaryotes. Hence, it makes a target to sulfonamide antibiotics<ref>PMID:10329458</ref>
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*'''7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophsphokinase-DHPS''' contains a dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase domain at the N terminal and is named '''HPPK-DHPS'''.
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== Insights into the drug resistance induced by the BaDHPS mutations: molecular dynamic simulations and MM/GBSA studies <ref>doi 10.1080/07391102.2012.726529</ref>==
Drug resistance has been an urgent problem that severely limits the therapy of current clinical microbial diseases. Sometimes, it generally correlates with mutations to the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene.
Drug resistance has been an urgent problem that severely limits the therapy of current clinical microbial diseases. Sometimes, it generally correlates with mutations to the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene.
In the current study, we focus on the molecular dynamic behaviors and binding free energy calculations of <scene name='50/509381/Cv/10'>wild-type (wt)</scene> form and <scene name='50/509381/Cv/11'>mutated forms</scene> ''B. anthracis'' dihydropteroate synthase (BaDHPS) to search for the relationship between mutation and drug resistance. <span style="color:khaki;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">Wt-BaDHPS is colored in khaki</span>, mutated <span style="color:lime;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">D184N complex is in green</span> and <span style="color:cyan;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">K220Q complex is in cyan</span>.
In the current study, we focus on the molecular dynamic behaviors and binding free energy calculations of <scene name='50/509381/Cv/10'>wild-type (wt)</scene> form and <scene name='50/509381/Cv/11'>mutated forms</scene> ''B. anthracis'' dihydropteroate synthase (BaDHPS) to search for the relationship between mutation and drug resistance. <span style="color:khaki;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">Wt-BaDHPS is colored in khaki</span>, mutated <span style="color:lime;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">D184N complex is in green</span> and <span style="color:cyan;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">K220Q complex is in cyan</span>.
After 20ns MD simulations on the <scene name='50/509381/Cv/12'>wt form and mutated form enzymes</scene>, it is obvious that <scene name='50/509381/8/1'>mutation D184N and K220Q have much lower binding affinity to the inhibitor DHP-STZ than the wt form enzyme</scene>. Only Loop 1, Loop 2 and Loop 7 are colored, ligand DHP-STZ is colored in the same color as the corresponding protein: for <span style="color:khaki;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">Wt-BaDHPS is colored in khaki</span>, for mutated <span style="color:lime;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">D184N complex is in green</span> and for <span style="color:cyan;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">K220Q complex is in cyan</span>. Mutation will cause conformational change, which mainly locate on some loop region around the binding site (Loop 1, Loop 2 and Loop 7). These results may be helpful for further drug resistance and de novo drug design investigations.
After 20ns MD simulations on the <scene name='50/509381/Cv/12'>wt form and mutated form enzymes</scene>, it is obvious that <scene name='50/509381/8/1'>mutation D184N and K220Q have much lower binding affinity to the inhibitor DHP-STZ than the wt form enzyme</scene>. Only Loop 1, Loop 2 and Loop 7 are colored, ligand DHP-STZ is colored in the same color as the corresponding protein: for <span style="color:khaki;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">Wt-BaDHPS is colored in khaki</span>, for mutated <span style="color:lime;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">D184N complex is in green</span> and for <span style="color:cyan;background-color:black;font-weight:bold;">K220Q complex is in cyan</span>. Mutation will cause conformational change, which mainly locate on some loop region around the binding site (Loop 1, Loop 2 and Loop 7). These results may be helpful for further drug resistance and de novo drug design investigations.
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</StructureSection>
 
==3D structures of dihydropteroate synthase==
==3D structures of dihydropteroate synthase==
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[[Dihydropteroate synthase 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*DHPS
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**[[1ad1]], [[4hb7]] – SaDHPS - ''Staphylococcus aureus'' <br />
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**[[1ajz]] – EcDHPS – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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**[[1tws]], [[3v5o]] – BaDHPS – ''Bacillus anthracis''<br />
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**[[2dqw]] - TtDHPS – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
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**[[2vef]] - SpDHPS – ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''<br />
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**[[2vp8]] – MtDHPS – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
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**[[2y5j]] – BcDHPS – ''Burkholderia cenocepacia''<br />
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**[[3tzn]] – YpDHPS – ''Yersinia pestis''<br />
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**[[4o0q]] – DhDHPS – ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense''<br />
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**[[5umg]] - DHPS – ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''<br />
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**[[5usw]] - DHPS – ''Vibrio fischeri''<br />
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*DHPS binary complexes
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**[[1ad4]] – SaDHPS + pterin-pyrophosphate<br />
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**[[1aj2]] – EcDHPS + dihydro-pterin-methanyl-phosphonophosphate<br />
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**[[1eye]] - MtDHPS + pterin-methyl-phosphate<br />
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**[[1tww]] - BaDHPS + hydroxymethylpterin-diphosphate<br />
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**[[1twz]] - BaDHPS + pterin-methyl-phosphate<br />
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**[[1tx0]] - BaDHPS + pteroic acid<br />
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**[[1tx2]], [[3h21]], [[3h22]], [[3h23]], [[3h24]], [[3h26]], [[3h2a]], [[3h2c]], [[3h2e]], [[3h2f]], [[3h2m]], [[3h2n]], [[3h2o]], [[4d8z]], [[4d9p]], [[4dai]], [[4db7]], [[4d8a]], [[4daf]], [[4nhv]], [[4nil]], [[4nir]], [[4nl1]] - BaDHPS + inhibitor<br />
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**[[2dza]] - TtDHPS + PABA<br />
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**[[2dzb]] - TtDHPS + hydroxymethylpterin-diphosphate<br />
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**[[2veg]] - SpDHPS + pterin-methyl-phosphate<br />
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**[[2y5s]] - BcDHPS + dihydro-pteroate<br />
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**[[3tya]] - BaDHPS + dihydro-pteroate<br />
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**[[3tyc]] - BaDHPS + amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tr9]] - DHPS + pteroic acid – ''Coxiella burnetii''<br />
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**[[3tyu]] – YpDHPS + pteroic acid <br />
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**[[5jq9]] - YpDHPS + sulfonamide inhibitor<br />
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**[[4o1e]], [[4o1f]] – DhDHPS + tetrahydrofolate derivative<br />
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*DHPS ternary complexes
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**[[1aj0]] – EcDHPS + sulfanilamide + amino-methyldiene-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tyb]] - BaDHPS + hydroxybenzoic acid + amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tyd]] - BaDHPS + pyrophosphate+ amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tye]] - BaDHPS + sulfa derivative + amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tyz]] - YpDHPS + pyrophosphate + PABA + amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone<br />
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**[[3tzf]] - YpDHPS + sulfa derivative + hydroxymethylpterin-diphosphate<br />
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*Bifunctional 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophsphokinase-DHPS
 
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**[[3mcm]], [[3mcn]] – FtPPPK-DHPS – ''Francisella tulerensis''<br />
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==References==
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**[[3mco]] - FtPPPK-DHPS + amino-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-pteridinone + methyladenosine triphosphate<br />
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**[[2bmb]] - PPPK-DHPS + pterin-methyl-phosphate - yeast
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}}
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'''References'''
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<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Dihydropteroate synthase complex with sulfate (PDB code 1tws)

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References

  1. ↑ Vinnicombe HG, Derrick JP. Dihydropteroate synthase from Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of substrate binding order and sulfonamide inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 May 19;258(3):752-7. doi:, 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0695. PMID:10329458 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0695
  2. ↑ Chu WT, Zhang JL, Zheng QC, Chen L, Xue Q, Zhang HX. Insights into the drug resistance induced by the BaDHPS mutations: molecular dynamic simulations and MM/GBSA studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012 Oct 2. PMID:23030549 doi:10.1080/07391102.2012.726529

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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