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| | ==Enhancing DHFR catalysis by binding of an allosteric regulator nanobody (Nb179)== | | ==Enhancing DHFR catalysis by binding of an allosteric regulator nanobody (Nb179)== |
| - | <StructureSection load='4fhb' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4fhb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='4fhb' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4fhb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4fhb]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelus_glama Camelus glama] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoli Ecoli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4FHB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4FHB FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4fhb]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_K-12 Escherichia coli K-12] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_glama Lama glama]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4FHB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4FHB FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FOL:FOLIC+ACID'>FOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3k74|3k74]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FOL:FOLIC+ACID'>FOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">folA, tmrA, b0048, JW0047 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=83333 ECOLI])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4fhb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4fhb OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4fhb PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4fhb RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4fhb PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4fhb ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase Dihydrofolate reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.5.1.3 1.5.1.3] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4fhb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4fhb OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4fhb PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4fhb RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4fhb PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4fhb ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DYR_ECOLI DYR_ECOLI]] Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DYR_ECOLI DYR_ECOLI] Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 4fhb" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 4fhb" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Dihydrofolate reductase 3D structures|Dihydrofolate reductase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Camelus glama]] | + | [[Category: Escherichia coli K-12]] |
| - | [[Category: Dihydrofolate reductase]] | + | [[Category: Lama glama]] |
| - | [[Category: Ecoli]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Oyen, D]] | + | [[Category: Oyen D]] |
| - | [[Category: Allosteric activator]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Nanobody]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase-protein binding complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Reductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
DYR_ECOLI Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Although allosteric effector antibodies are used widely as modulators of receptors and enzymes, experimental analysis of their mechanism remains highly challenging. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of allosteric and non-allosteric effector antibodies in an experimentally tractable system, consisting of single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that target the model enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli. A panel of thirty-five nanobodies was isolated using several strategies to increase nanobody diversity. The nanobodies exhibit a variety of effector properties, including partial inhibition, strong inhibition and stimulation of DHFR activity. Despite these diverse effector properties, chemical shift perturbation NMR epitope mapping identified only two epitope regions: epitope alpha is a new allosteric site that is over 10A from the active site, while epitope beta is located in the region of the Met20 loop. The structural basis for DHFR allosteric inhibition or activation upon nanobody binding to the alpha epitope was examined by solving the crystal structures of DHFR in complex with Nb113 (an allosteric inhibitor) and Nb179 (an allosteric activator). The structures suggest roles for conformational constraint and altered protein dynamics, but not epitope distortion, in the observed allosteric effects. The crystal structure of a beta epitope region binder (ca1698) in complex with DHFR is also reported. Although CDR3 of ca1698 occupies the substrate binding site, ca1698 displays linear mixed inhibition kinetics instead of simple competitive inhibition kinetics. Two mechanisms are proposed to account for this apparent anomaly. Evidence for structural convergence of ca1698 and Nb216 during affinity maturation is also presented.
Mechanistic analysis of allosteric and non-allosteric effects arising from nanobody binding to two epitopes of the dihyrofolate reductase of Escherichia coli.,Oyen D, Wechselberger R, Srinivasan V, Steyaert J, Barlow JN Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jul 31. pii: S1570-9639(13)00282-3. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.010. PMID:23911607[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Oyen D, Wechselberger R, Srinivasan V, Steyaert J, Barlow JN. Mechanistic analysis of allosteric and non-allosteric effects arising from nanobody binding to two epitopes of the dihyrofolate reductase of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jul 31. pii: S1570-9639(13)00282-3. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.010. PMID:23911607 doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.010
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