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| | ==HUMAN LIVER GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE A COMPLEXED WITH AMP== | | ==HUMAN LIVER GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE A COMPLEXED WITH AMP== |
| - | <StructureSection load='1fa9' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1fa9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='1fa9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1fa9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1fa9]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FA9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1FA9 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1fa9]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FA9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1FA9 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1fc0|1fc0]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1fa9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1fa9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1fa9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1fa9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1fa9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1fa9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase Phosphorylase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.4.1.1 2.4.1.1] </span></td></tr>
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| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1fa9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1fa9 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1fa9 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1fa9 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1fa9 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1fa9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYGL_HUMAN PYGL_HUMAN]] Defects in PYGL are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 6 (GSD6) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/232700 232700]]. A metabolic disorder characterized by mild to moderate hypoglycemia, mild ketosis, growth retardation, and prominent hepatomegaly. Heart and skeletal muscle are not affected.<ref>PMID:9529348</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYGL_HUMAN PYGL_HUMAN] Defects in PYGL are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 6 (GSD6) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/232700 232700]. A metabolic disorder characterized by mild to moderate hypoglycemia, mild ketosis, growth retardation, and prominent hepatomegaly. Heart and skeletal muscle are not affected.<ref>PMID:9529348</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYGL_HUMAN PYGL_HUMAN]] Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYGL_HUMAN PYGL_HUMAN] Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 1fa9" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 1fa9" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Glycogen phosphorylase 3D structures|Glycogen phosphorylase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Phosphorylase]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Ammirati, M]] | + | [[Category: Ammirati M]] |
| - | [[Category: Danley, D E]] | + | [[Category: Danley DE]] |
| - | [[Category: Fennell, K F]] | + | [[Category: Fennell KF]] |
| - | [[Category: Hynes, T R]] | + | [[Category: Hynes TR]] |
| - | [[Category: LeMotte, P K]] | + | [[Category: LeMotte PK]] |
| - | [[Category: Mansour, M N]] | + | [[Category: Mansour MN]] |
| - | [[Category: Pandit, J]] | + | [[Category: Pandit J]] |
| - | [[Category: Rath, V L]] | + | [[Category: Rath VL]] |
| - | [[Category: Schulte, G K]] | + | [[Category: Schulte GK]] |
| - | [[Category: Wasilko, D J]] | + | [[Category: Wasilko DJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Allosteric protein]]
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| - | [[Category: Phosphorylated protein]]
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| - | [[Category: Protein-ligand complex]]
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| - | [[Category: Transferase]]
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| Structural highlights
Disease
PYGL_HUMAN Defects in PYGL are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 6 (GSD6) [MIM:232700. A metabolic disorder characterized by mild to moderate hypoglycemia, mild ketosis, growth retardation, and prominent hepatomegaly. Heart and skeletal muscle are not affected.[1]
Function
PYGL_HUMAN Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Glycogen phosphorylases catalyze the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate, which enters glycolysis to fulfill the energetic requirements of the organism. Maintaining control of blood glucose levels is critical in minimizing the debilitating effects of diabetes, making liver glycogen phosphorylase a potential therapeutic target. To support inhibitor design, we determined the crystal structures of the active and inactive forms of human liver glycogen phosphorylase a. During activation, forty residues of the catalytic site undergo order/disorder transitions, changes in secondary structure, or packing to reorganize the catalytic site for substrate binding and catalysis. Knowing the inactive and active conformations of the liver enzyme and how each differs from its counterpart in muscle phosphorylase provides the basis for designing inhibitors that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the liver isozyme.
Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core.,Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. PMID:10949035[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW. Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. PMID:9529348
- ↑ Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J. Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. PMID:10949035
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