Sandbox Reserved 1411
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{{Sandbox_Reserved_HLSC322}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE --> | {{Sandbox_Reserved_HLSC322}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE --> | ||
| - | == | + | ==Erythropoietin== |
| - | <StructureSection load=' | + | <StructureSection load='1BUY' size='340' side='right' caption='Erythropoietin Structure=''> |
| - | + | Authors: Cole Marra and Prateek Swamykumar | |
| - | + | ||
| + | == Place of Origin== | ||
| + | Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein that is manufactured in the kidneys and binds to receptors in the bone marrow. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Structure== | ||
| + | EPO is made up of a 166 amino acid chain. There are 4 <scene name='77/777731/Alpha_helices/1'>alpha helices</scene> shown in red which are arranged in a bundle. In the tertiary structure, there are two disulfide bonds, shown in yellow, which hold together this bundle. There are two active sites for this protein. <scene name='77/777731/Active_site_one/1'>Site one</scene> is responsible for binding to the receptor on cell surfaces. <scene name='77/777731/Active_site_2/1'>Site two</scene> causes dimerization with other EPO subunits. | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
| + | EPO receptors in the bone marrow triggers a signal transduction pathway that causes red blood cells to move into the blood stream. | ||
| - | == | + | == Significance== |
| + | EPO is an important factor in anemia. Anemia is when there is a lack of red blood cells in the blood stream which results in oxygen deficiencies. Anemia can be caused by rapid bleeding or a loss of kidney function. The kidneys produce EPO, and in instances where that process is interrupted such as kidney disease, the protein is not produced and red blood cell count decreases. One of the most common treatments for chronic kidney disease is erythropoietin injections. This method has been very effective in reducing the anemia. Current studies are being done to create erythropoietin producing cells and implant them in kidneys that have been affected by CKD. | ||
| - | == | + | ==References== |
| + | https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1buy | ||
| - | + | https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/anemia | |
| - | + | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9002951 | |
| - | + | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9783743 | |
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Current revision
| This Sandbox is Reserved from January through July 31, 2018 for use in the course HLSC322: Principles of Genetics and Genomics taught by Genevieve Houston-Ludlam at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA. This reservation includes Sandbox Reserved 1311 through Sandbox Reserved 1430. |
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Erythropoietin
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