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Function

GFP functions to convert blue chemiluminescent of aequorin into green fluorescent light. Because of its green fluorescence, GFP can also be function as a marker protein when incorporated into a variety of biological molecules and systems. This is useful for gene cloning, because it allows for researchers to determine from its use as a marker if their gene has been successfully incorporated into a cloning vector and replicated in their organism of choice. For example, if the gene coding for insulin was attached on a cloning vector with a gene encoding for GFP, the vector can then be electroporated into a fast growing organism like E.coli. After this, scientists can view if the gene was successfully incorporated based on if the E. coli is fluorescent or not.

Structure

Regarding the structure, the protein has a secondary structure of five alpha-helices and one eleven-stranded beta-pleated sheet. GFP is shaped like a barrel, which is from the folding of the . In addition, one can be found running through the center of the barrel, which contains the (shown in green) that allows for fluorescence when excited.

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Structural highlights