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| | ==Apo R268A human aldose reductase== | | ==Apo R268A human aldose reductase== |
| - | <StructureSection load='1xgd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1xgd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='1xgd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1xgd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1xgd]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1XGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1XGD FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1xgd]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1XGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1XGD FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">AKR1B1, ALDR1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_reductase Aldehyde reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.1.1.21 1.1.1.21] </span></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1xgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1xgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1xgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1xgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1xgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1xgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1xgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1xgd OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1xgd PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1xgd RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1xgd PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1xgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALDR_HUMAN ALDR_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALDR_HUMAN ALDR_HUMAN] Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Aldose Reductase|Aldose Reductase]] | + | *[[Aldose reductase 3D structures|Aldose reductase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Aldehyde reductase]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Bohren, K M]] | + | [[Category: Bohren KM]] |
| - | [[Category: Brownlee, J M]] | + | [[Category: Brownlee JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Gabbay, K H]] | + | [[Category: Gabbay KH]] |
| - | [[Category: Harrison, D H.T]] | + | [[Category: Harrison DHT]] |
| - | [[Category: Milne, A C]] | + | [[Category: Milne AC]] |
| - | [[Category: Akr]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Akr1b1]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Diabetes]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Nadph]]
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| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
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| Structural highlights
Function
ALDR_HUMAN Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose and other sugars to their respective sugar alcohols. The NADP+/NADPH exchange is the rate-limiting step for this enzyme and contributes in varying degrees to the catalytic rates of other aldo-keto reductase superfamily enzymes. The mutation of Arg268 to alanine in human recombinant AR removes one of the ligands of the C2-phosphate of NADP+ and markedly reduces the interaction of the apoenzyme with the nucleotide. The crystal structure of human R268A apo-aldose reductase determined to a resolution of 2.1 A is described. The R268A mutant enzyme has similar kinetic parameters to the wild-type enzyme for aldehyde substrates, yet has greatly reduced affinity for the nucleotide substrate which greatly facilitates its crystallization in the apoenzyme form. The apo-structure shows that a high temperature factor loop (between residues 214 and 226) is displaced by as much as 17 A in a rigid body fashion about Gly213 and Ser226 in the absence of the nucleotide cofactor as compared to the wild-type holoenzyme structure. Several factors act to stabilize the NADPH-holding loop in either the 'open' or 'closed' conformations: (1) the presence and interactions of the nucleotide cofactor, (2) the residues surrounding the Gly213 and Ser226 hinges which form unique hydrogen bonds in the 'open' or 'closed' structure, and (3) the Trp219 "latch" residue which interacts with an arginine residue, Arg293, in the 'open' conformation or with a cysteine residue, Cys298, in the 'closed' conformation. Several mutations in and around the high temperature factor loop are examined to elucidate the role of the loop in the mechanism by which aldose reductase binds and releases its nucleotide substrate.
The structure of Apo R268A human aldose reductase: hinges and latches that control the kinetic mechanism.,Bohren KM, Brownlee JM, Milne AC, Gabbay KH, Harrison DH Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 May 15;1748(2):201-12. PMID:15769597[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Bohren KM, Brownlee JM, Milne AC, Gabbay KH, Harrison DH. The structure of Apo R268A human aldose reductase: hinges and latches that control the kinetic mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 May 15;1748(2):201-12. PMID:15769597 doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.01.006
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