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| | ==MU2 ADAPTIN SUBUNIT (AP50) OF AP2 ADAPTOR (SECOND DOMAIN), COMPLEXED WITH TGN38 INTERNALIZATION PEPTIDE DYQRLN== | | ==MU2 ADAPTIN SUBUNIT (AP50) OF AP2 ADAPTOR (SECOND DOMAIN), COMPLEXED WITH TGN38 INTERNALIZATION PEPTIDE DYQRLN== |
| - | <StructureSection load='1bxx' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1bxx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='1bxx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1bxx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bxx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_rat Buffalo rat]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BXX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BXX FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bxx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_construct Synthetic construct]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BXX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BXX FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bxx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bxx OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1bxx PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bxx RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bxx PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bxx ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.7Å</td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bxx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bxx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1bxx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bxx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bxx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bxx ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AP2M1_RAT AP2M1_RAT]] Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at 'Tyr-156' in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1 (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling.<ref>PMID:11516654</ref> <ref>PMID:14745134</ref> <ref>PMID:15473838</ref> <ref>PMID:20947020</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AP2M1_RAT AP2M1_RAT] Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at 'Tyr-156' in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1 (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling.<ref>PMID:11516654</ref> <ref>PMID:14745134</ref> <ref>PMID:15473838</ref> <ref>PMID:20947020</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Adaptin|Adaptin]] | + | *[[Adaptin 3D structures|Adaptin 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Buffalo rat]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Evans, P R]] | + | [[Category: Rattus norvegicus]] |
| - | [[Category: Owen, D J]] | + | [[Category: Synthetic construct]] |
| - | [[Category: Adaptor]] | + | [[Category: Evans PR]] |
| - | [[Category: Endocytosis]] | + | [[Category: Owen DJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Endocytosis-exocytosis complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Peptide complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
AP2M1_RAT Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at 'Tyr-156' in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1 (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Many cell surface proteins are marked for endocytosis by a cytoplasmic sequence motif, tyrosine-X-X-(hydrophobic residue), that is recognized by the mu2 subunit of AP2 adaptors. Crystal structures of the internalization signal binding domain of mu2 complexed with the internalization signal peptides of epidermal growth factor receptor and the trans-Golgi network protein TGN38 have been determined at 2.7 angstrom resolution. The signal peptides adopted an extended conformation rather than the expected tight turn. Specificity was conferred by hydrophobic pockets that bind the tyrosine and leucine in the peptide. In the crystal, the protein forms dimers that could increase the strength and specificity of binding to dimeric receptors.
A structural explanation for the recognition of tyrosine-based endocytotic signals.,Owen DJ, Evans PR Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1327-32. PMID:9812899[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Olusanya O, Andrews PD, Swedlow JR, Smythe E. Phosphorylation of threonine 156 of the mu2 subunit of the AP2 complex is essential for endocytosis in vitro and in vivo. Curr Biol. 2001 Jun 5;11(11):896-900. PMID:11516654
- ↑ Nakatsu F, Ohno H. Adaptor protein complexes as the key regulators of protein sorting in the post-Golgi network. Cell Struct Funct. 2003 Oct;28(5):419-29. PMID:14745134
- ↑ Owen DJ, Collins BM, Evans PR. Adaptors for clathrin coats: structure and function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2004;20:153-91. PMID:15473838 doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.104543
- ↑ Yu A, Xing Y, Harrison SC, Kirchhausen T. Structural analysis of the interaction between Dishevelled2 and clathrin AP-2 adaptor, a critical step in noncanonical Wnt signaling. Structure. 2010 Oct 13;18(10):1311-20. PMID:20947020 doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.07.010
- ↑ Owen DJ, Evans PR. A structural explanation for the recognition of tyrosine-based endocytotic signals. Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1327-32. PMID:9812899
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