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| | ==NMR structure of the complex of an N-terminally acetylated alpha-synuclein peptide with calmodulin== | | ==NMR structure of the complex of an N-terminally acetylated alpha-synuclein peptide with calmodulin== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2m55' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2m55]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2m55' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2m55]]' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2m55]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2M55 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2M55 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2m55]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2M55 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2M55 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 20 models</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CALM1, CALM, CAM, CAM1, CALM2, CAM2, CAMB, CALM3, CALML2, CAM3, CAMC, CAMIII ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2m55 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2m55 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2m55 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2m55 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2m55 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2m55 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2m55 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2m55 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2m55 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2m55 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2m55 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2m55 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN]] Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1. Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 1 (PARK1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/168601 168601]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.<ref>PMID:9197268</ref> <ref>PMID:9462735</ref> <ref>PMID:14755719</ref> Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 4 (PARK4) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/605543 605543]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia. Defects in SNCA are the cause of dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/127750 127750]]. A neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM1_HUMAN CALM1_HUMAN] The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of CPVT4. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of LQT14. |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN]] May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM1_HUMAN CALM1_HUMAN] Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).<ref>PMID:16760425</ref> <ref>PMID:23893133</ref> <ref>PMID:26969752</ref> <ref>PMID:27165696</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Calmodulin|Calmodulin]] | + | *[[Alpha-synuclein|Alpha-synuclein]] |
| | + | *[[Calmodulin 3D structures|Calmodulin 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Gruschus, J M]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Lee, J C]] | + | [[Category: Gruschus JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Maltsev, A S]] | + | [[Category: Lee JC]] |
| - | [[Category: Pistolesi, S]] | + | [[Category: Maltsev AS]] |
| - | [[Category: Yap, T]] | + | [[Category: Pistolesi S]] |
| - | [[Category: Ca-binding]]
| + | [[Category: Yap T]] |
| - | [[Category: Calcium binding protein-protein fibril complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein/peptide]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
CALM1_HUMAN The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of CPVT4. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of LQT14.
Function
CALM1_HUMAN Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium binding protein that plays numerous roles in Ca-dependent cellular processes, including uptake and release of neurotransmitters in neurons. alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn), one of the most abundant proteins in central nervous system neurons, helps maintain presynaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters and moderates their Ca-dependent release into the synapse. Ca-bound CaM interacts with alpha-syn most strongly at its N-terminus. The N-terminal region of alpha-syn is important for membrane binding, thus CaM could modulate membrane association of alpha-syn in a Ca-dependent manner. In contrast, Ca-free CaM has negligible interaction. The interaction with CaM leads to significant signal broadening in both CaM and alpha-syn NMR spectra, most likely due to conformational exchange. The broadening is much reduced when binding a peptide consisting of the first 19 residues of alpha-syn. In neurons, most alpha-syn is acetylated at the N-terminus, and acetylation leads to a ten-fold increase in binding strength for the alpha-syn peptide (KD = 35 +/- 10 muM). The N-terminally acetylated peptide adopts a helical structure at the N-terminus with the acetyl group contacting the N-terminal domain of CaM, and with less ordered helical structure towards the C-terminus of the peptide contacting the CaM C-terminal domain. Comparison with known structures shows the CaM/alpha-syn complex most closely resembles Ca-bound CaM in a complex with an IQ motif peptide. However, a search comparing the alpha-syn peptide sequence with known CaM targets, including IQ motifs, found no homologies, thus the N-terminal alpha-syn CaM binding site appears to be a novel CaM target sequence.
NMR Structure of Calmodulin Complexed to An N-terminally Acetylated alpha-Synuclein Peptide.,Gruschus JM, Yap TL, Pistolesi S, Maltsev AS, Lee JC Biochemistry. 2013 Apr 22. PMID:23607618[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Tsang WY, Spektor A, Luciano DJ, Indjeian VB, Chen Z, Salisbury JL, Sanchez I, Dynlacht BD. CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regulate cytokinesis and genome stability. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Aug;17(8):3423-34. Epub 2006 Jun 7. PMID:16760425 doi:10.1091/mbc.E06-04-0371
- ↑ Reichow SL, Clemens DM, Freites JA, Nemeth-Cahalan KL, Heyden M, Tobias DJ, Hall JE, Gonen T. Allosteric mechanism of water-channel gating by Ca-calmodulin. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 Jul 28. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2630. PMID:23893133 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2630
- ↑ Boczek NJ, Gomez-Hurtado N, Ye D, Calvert ML, Tester DJ, Kryshtal D, Hwang HS, Johnson CN, Chazin WJ, Loporcaro CG, Shah M, Papez AL, Lau YR, Kanter R, Knollmann BC, Ackerman MJ. Spectrum and Prevalence of CALM1-, CALM2-, and CALM3-Encoded Calmodulin Variants in Long QT Syndrome and Functional Characterization of a Novel Long QT Syndrome-Associated Calmodulin Missense Variant, E141G. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016 Apr;9(2):136-146. doi:, 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001323. Epub 2016 Mar 11. PMID:26969752 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001323
- ↑ Yu CC, Ko JS, Ai T, Tsai WC, Chen Z, Rubart M, Vatta M, Everett TH 4th, George AL Jr, Chen PS. Arrhythmogenic calmodulin mutations impede activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium current. Heart Rhythm. 2016 Aug;13(8):1716-23. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009. Epub 2016, May 7. PMID:27165696 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009
- ↑ Gruschus JM, Yap TL, Pistolesi S, Maltsev AS, Lee JC. NMR Structure of Calmodulin Complexed to An N-terminally Acetylated alpha-Synuclein Peptide. Biochemistry. 2013 Apr 22. PMID:23607618 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi400199p
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