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Transcriptional activator

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<StructureSection load='1h89' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry [[1h89]])' scene='55/553105/Cv/1'>
<StructureSection load='1h89' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry [[1h89]])' scene='55/553105/Cv/1'>
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__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Transcriptional activators''' (TA) are proteins which bind to DNA and stimulate nearby gene transcription. TA transcription stimulation is achieved by enhancing RNA polymerase binding or by enhancing the formation of open complex which is required for initiation of transcription. TA bind to a specific DNA sequence in or near an operon via their DNA-binding domain (DBD)<ref>PMID:16464826</ref>.
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'''Transcriptional activators''' or '''Transcriptional regulators''' (TA) are proteins which bind to DNA and stimulate nearby gene transcription. TA transcription stimulation is achieved by enhancing RNA polymerase binding or by enhancing the formation of open complex which is required for initiation of transcription. TA bind to a specific DNA sequence in or near an operon via their DNA-binding domain (DBD)<ref>PMID:16464826</ref>. '''PrfA''' is an activator of virulence genes in ''Listeria monocytogenes''<ref>PMID:10564496</ref>. See also [[Listeriolysin positive regulatory factor A]].
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
TA contains 3 domains: DBD, trans-activating domain (TAD) which binds coregulator proteins and an optional ligand-binding domain (LBD) which senses external signals.
TA contains 3 domains: DBD, trans-activating domain (TAD) which binds coregulator proteins and an optional ligand-binding domain (LBD) which senses external signals.
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/2'>Transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β and K+ ion </scene> (PDB entry [[1h89]]).
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/5'>Transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β and K+ ion </scene> (PDB entry [[1h89]]).
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/3'>1st K soordination site</scene>.
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/6'>1st K soordination site</scene>.
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/4'>2nd K soordination site</scene>.
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*<scene name='55/553105/Cv/7'>2nd K soordination site</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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</StructureSection>
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== 3D Structures of transcriptional activator==
== 3D Structures of transcriptional activator==
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[[Transcriptional activator 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*Gcn4 transcriptional activator see [[Gcn4]]
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*Gcn5 transcriptional activator
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**[[1e6i]] – yTA brododomain + histone H4 peptide - yeast<br />
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**[[1ygh]] – yTA histone acetyltransferase domain <br />
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*C-Myb transcriptional activator; domains - DBD repeat 1 38-89; DBD repeat 2 90-141; DBD repeat 3 142-193; TAD 291-315
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**[[1mse]], [[1msf]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2 + DNA - NMR<br />
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**[[1mbe]], [[1mbf]] – mTA DBD repeat 1 + DNA – mouse - NMR<br />
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**[[1mbg]], [[1mbh]] – mTA DBD repeat 2 + DNA - NMR<br />
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**[[1mbj]], [[1mbk]] – mTA DBD repeat 3 + DNA - NMR<br />
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**[[1h88]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2,3 + DNA + CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β<br />
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**[[1h89]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2,3 + DNA + CAAT/enhancer binding protein β<br />
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**[[1guu]] – mTA DBD repeat 1 <br />
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**[[1gv2]] – mTA DBD repeat 2,3 <br />
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**[[1gv5]] – mTA DBD repeat 2 <br />
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**[[1gvd]] – mTA DBD repeat 2 (mutant) <br />
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**[[1idy]], [[1idz]] – mTA DBD repeat 3 (mutant) - NMR<br />
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**[[1sb0]], [[2agh]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein - NMR<br />
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**[[2agh]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein + HRX - NMR<br />
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**[[6dmx]], [[6dnq]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein + BZIP factor <br />
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*Psp operon transcriptional activator
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**[[2bjw]] – EcTA AAA domain – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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**[[2bjv]], [[2c9c]], [[4qnm]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant)<br />
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**[[2c96]] – EcTA AAA domain + ATP<br />
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**[[4qnr]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant) + ATP<br />
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**[[4qos]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant) + ADP<br />
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**[[2c98]] – EcTA AAA domain + ADP<br />
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**[[2c99]] – EcTA AAA domain + AMPPNP<br />
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**[[2vii]] – EcTA AAA domain + AMP + Mg<br />
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*TenA transcriptional activator
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**[[1tyh]], [[1yaf]] – BsTA – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
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**[[2qzc]] – TA – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
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**[[3no6]] – TA – ''Staphylococcus epidermidis''<br />
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**[[1yak]] – BsTA + pyrimidine derivative<br />
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**[[2qcx]] – BsTA (mutant) + pyrimidine derivative<br />
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*LasR transcriptional activator
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**[[2uv0]] – PaTA LBD – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
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**[[3ix3]] – PaTA LBD + oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone<br />
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**[[3ix4]], [[3ix8]], [[3jpu]] – PaTA LBD + benzoate derivative<br />
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**[[4ng2]] – PaTA LBD + protein<br />
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*CadC transcriptional activator
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**[[3ly7]], [[3lya]] – EcTA periplasmic domain <br />
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**[[3ly8]], [[3ly9]] – EcTA periplasmic domain (mutant)<br />
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*CynR transcriptional activator
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**[[2hxr]] – EcTA LBD <br />
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**[[3hfu]] – EcTA LBD + N3<br />
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*Mal-Rpel transcriptional activator
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**[[2v51]], [[2v52]] – mTA residues 16-41 + actin <br />
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**[[2yje]], [[2yjf]] – mTA Rpel domain + actin <br />
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*Brg1 transcriptional activator
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**[[3uvd]] – TA bromodomain + pyrrolidone derivative - human<br />
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*VP30 transcriptional activator
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**[[2i8b]] – TA C terminal – Zaire ebolavirus<br />
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**[[3v7o]] – TA C terminal – Reston ebolavirus<br />
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*TraR transcriptional activator
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**[[1l3l]] – AtTA + pheromone + DNA – ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'' <br />
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**[[1h0m]] – AtTA + auto-inducer + DNA <br />
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*Flagelar transcriptional activator
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**[[1g8e]] – EcTA FLHD<br />
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**[[2avu]] – EcTA FLHC+FLHD<br />
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*TipA transcriptional activator
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**[[1ny9]] – SlTA antibiotic binding domain – ''Streptomyces lividans'' - NMR<br />
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**[[2mbz]], [[2mc0]] - SlTA antibiotic binding domain + thiopeptide - NMR<br />
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**[[2vz4]] – SlTA DBD + DNA<br />
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*MtaN transcriptional activator
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**[[1r8d]] – BsTA <br />
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*RfaH transcriptional activator
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**[[2oug]] – EcTA <br />
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**[[2lcl]] – EcTA C terminal - NMR<br />
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*SoxR transcriptional activator
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**[[2zhh]] – EcTA <br />
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**[[2zhg]] – EcTA + DNA<br />
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*AmpR transcriptional activator
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**[[3kos]] – CfTA effector binding domain – ''Citrobacter freundii''<br />
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**[[3kot]] – CfTA effector binding domain (mutant)<br />
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*GlxR transcriptional activator
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**[[3r6s]] – TA +cAMP – ''Corynebacterium glutamicum'' <br />
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*OxyR transcriptional activator
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**[[3t22]], [[3ho7]], [[3uki]] – TA regulatory domain – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis'' <br />
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*PlcR transcriptional activator
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**[[4fsc]] – BtTA - ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' <br />
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**[[3u3w]] – BtTA + DNA + PAPR peptide <br />
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*VirB transcriptional activator
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**[[3vwb]], [[3w2a]], [[3w3c]] – TA core domain + DNA – ''Shigella flexneri''<br />
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*MafA transcriptional activator
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**[[4eot]] – hTA DBD<br />
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*CysB transcriptional activator
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**[[4gwo]], [[4gxa]], [[4lon]], [[4lp2]] – StTA C terminal – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br />
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**[[4lq2]], [[4lq5]], [[4m4g]] – StTA C terminal + acetylserine<br />
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**[[1al3]] – TA cofactor binding domain – ''Klebsiella aerogenes''<br />
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*HlyU transcriptional activator
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**[[4k2e]], [[4ooi]] – TA - ''Vibrio cholerae''<br />
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*Aft2 transcriptional activator
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**[[4lmg]] – yTA + DNA<br />
 
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}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry 1h89)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Titz B, Thomas S, Rajagopala SV, Chiba T, Ito T, Uetz P. Transcriptional activators in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Feb 7;34(3):955-67. Print 2006. PMID:16464826 doi:http://dx.doi.org/34/3/955
  2. ↑ Renzoni A, Cossart P, Dramsi S. PrfA, the transcriptional activator of virulence genes, is upregulated during interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with mammalian cells and in eukaryotic cell extracts. Mol Microbiol. 1999 Nov;34(3):552-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01621.x. PMID:10564496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01621.x

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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